Métodos de detección del falseamiento en test online

Background: Unproctored Internet Tests (UIT) are vulnerable to cheating attempts by candidates to obtain higher scores. To prevent this, subsequent procedures such as a verification test (VT) is carried out. This study compares five statistics used to detect cheating in Computerized Adaptive Tests (CATs): Guo and Drasgow’s Z-test, the Adaptive Measure of Change (AMC), Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT), Score Test, and Modified Signed Likelihood Ratio Test (MSLRT). Method: We simulated data from honest and cheating candidates to the UIT and the VT. Honest candidates responded to the UIT and the VT with their real ability level, while cheating candidates responded only to the VT, and different levels of cheating were simulated. We applied hypothesis tests, and obtained type I error and power rates. Results: Although we found differences in type I error rates between some of the procedures, all procedures reported quite accurate results with the exception of the Score Test. The power rates obtained point to MSLRT’s superiority in detecting cheating. Conclusions: We consider the MSLRT to be the best test, as it has the highest power rate and a suitable type I error rate.Antecedentes: las pruebas de selección en línea sin vigilancia (UIT) son vulnerables a intentos de falseamiento para obtener puntuaciones superiores. Por ello, en ocasiones se utilizan procedimientos de detección, como aplicar posteriormente un test de verifi cación (VT). El objetivo del estudio es comparar cinco contrastes estadísticos para la detección del falseamiento en Test Adaptativos Informatizados: Z-test de Guo y Drasgow, Medida de Cambio Adaptativa (AMC), Test de Razón de Verosimilitudes (LRT), Score Test y Modifi ed Signed Likelihood Ratio Test (MSLRT). Método: se simularon respuestas de participantes honestos y falseadores al UIT y al VT. Para los participantes honestos se simulaban en ambos en función de su nivel de rasgo real; para los falseadores, solo en el VT, y en el UIT se simulaban distintos grados de falseamiento. Después, se obtenían las tasas de error tipo I y potencia. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias en las tasas de error tipo I entre algunos procedimientos, pero todos menos el Score Test se ajustaron al valor nominal. La potencia obtenida era signifi cativamente superior con el MSLRT. Conclusiones: consideramos que MSLRT es la mejor alternativa, ya que tiene mejor potencia y una tasa de error tipo I ajustada.This research was partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain (Grant PSI2017-85022-P), European Social Fund, and Cátedra de Modelos y Aplicaciones Psicométricos (Instituto de Ingeniería del Conocimiento and Autonomous University of Madrid)

HW/SW Co-Simulation System for Enhancing Hardware-in-the-Loop of Power Converter Digital Controllers

Digital controllers of power converters are more and more implemented in FPGAs due to the increasing complexity of current control algorithms, higher switching frequencies, and concurrence requirements. System behavior depends not only on the control algorithm but also on the implementation issues. Thus, closed-loop controller evaluation at early design stages is a main concern. In this paper, a new hardware-in-the-loop method is proposed. It profits from FPGAs and their design tools in order to validate the closed-loop power converter before prototyping the power stage. The proposed solution presents a general architecture that does not depend on specific vendors or CAD tools, but it uses those utilized for the final implementation of the controller. A case study is presented with a given implementation of the proposed solution. Comparisons with existing alternatives show the advantages of our approach

Los grabados de la sierra de Felipa (La Font de la Figuera, València)

En el municipio de la Font de la Figuera existe un pequeño conjunto de grabados localizados sobre una era junto a la casa de la Felipa. Aunque algunos vecinos de la población los conocen, no han sido objeto de ninguna publicación detallada. Por ello se presenta el estudio realizado sobre estos grabados, valorando las diferentes posibilidades interpretativas a la hora de aproximarnos a su función y cronología.In la Font de la Figuera there is a small set of prints located in a house next to the Felipa. Although some residents of the town know them, these prints have not been subjected to any detailed publication. Considering that, the study of these prints is presented, evaluating the different interpretative chances regarding its function and chronology

Residents' perceptions of the economic impact of sports tourism. Differences according to the geographical location of the town

Sports tourism has become a major tourist draw in recent decades. People are increasingly in favour of hosting such activities, given the many benefits it can bring to the community. The economic impact of such events is known but not the perceptions that residents have about this type of impact. Researchers also highlight the differences that the populations may have according to the geographical area where they are located and their influence on sports tourism activities. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate residents' perceptions of the economic impact of sports tourism according to the population of residence, differentiating between rural, urban and coastal populations. A total of 647 residents of Gran Canaria (Spain) completed a survey that analysed the residents' perceptions of the economic impact of sports tourism in the area. The results of this study indicate that residents have a high regard for the impacts associated with sports tourism and that perceptions do not vary greatly, depending on the population of residence of the respondents, as well as age and sex. Institutions responsible for planning and managing the sports tourism sector should pay attention to any relevant information provided, including residents' perceptions, to provide a better service to the sector.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Burn-out en el hospital: ¿estamos quemados los médicos?

El burn-out, respuesta inadecuada al estrés emocional crónico, involucra básicamente tres dimensiones: Agotamiento emocional, Deshumanización o despersonalización y Falta de realización personal. Se ha descrito fundamentalmente en personal sanitario. Iniciamos este estudio en Hospital Son Llàtzer, entre facultativos de urgencias, psiquiatría y UCI, con el objetivo principal de valorar el nivel de burn-out y como objetivos secundarios, estudiar variables sociodemográficas y laborales que pueden influir sobre éste y analizar descriptivamente las soluciones aportadas por los encuestados. Se recoge información sobre el grado de expectativa previo al inicio del trabajo, el apoyo percibido, lo más y lo menos agradable del trabajo y el grado de burn-out con la escala de Maslach. En éste encontramos como puntuaciones medias: Cansancio emocional: 21,29 ± 9,93; Despersonalización: 9,09 ± 5,84; Realización personal: 38,61 ± 6,29. La media de la muestra indica ausencia de síndrome de burn-out. Destacamos que aparece mayor realización personal en varones que en mujeres, mayor cansancio emocional y despersonalización cuando se consideraba el trabajo peor de lo esperado y mayor cansancio emocional en los que perciben menos apoyo. Como conclusiones: Los médicos parecen estar salvaguardados del síndrome de burn-out por la experiencia positiva de realización personal que experimentan; un factor protector es la percepción de apoyo por parte de los compañeros; la expectativa previa se relaciona con el nivel de “queme”, no se observan diferencias entre los servicios y el reconocimiento social y empresarial del trabajo disminuye el desgaste profesional y la probabilidad de sufrir un síndrome de burnout.Burn-out syndrome is an inadequate response to chronic emotional stress, and is constituted by three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. It frequently appears among sanitary staff. We developed this study in Hospital Son Llàtzer, among physicians working in emergency room, psychiatry and ICU, to study burn-out level and as secondary objectives, to study socio-demographic and working variables that could influence over burn-out syndrome and to analyze the polled physicians’ solutions. We recompile data about previous expectative for the work development, perceived support, the better and worst in work and burn-out level with Maslach Inventory. Media scores are: emotional exhaustion: 21,29 ± 9,93; Depersonalization: 9,09 ± 5,84; Personal accomplishment: 38,61 ± 6,29. In our sample scores are below the proposed point to diagnose burn-out syndrome. We want to emphasize that personal accomplishment is higher among men than among women, more emotional exhaustion and depersonalization when working was worse than what was previously expected and more emotional exhaustion when support was lesser perceived. As conclusions: Physicians look like been preserved from burn-out syndrome thanks to the positive experience of personal accomplishment; colleagues support perception is a protective factor; previous expectative is related to burn-out level; we cannot find differences among different services; and social and working acknowledgement reduce professional wearing out and the probability of suffering a burn-out syndrome

Lamellar Spacing Modelling for LPBF Aluminum Parts

The high cooling rates reached during metal additive manufacturing (MAM) generate microstructures very different from those obtained by other conventional manufacturing methods. Therefore, research about the modeling of this type of microstructure is of great interest to the MAM community. In this work, the prediction of the lamellar spacing of an AlSi10Mg sample manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), is presented. A multiscale approach is used, combining a CALPHAD (Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry) model to predict the material properties, with a macroscale model of the sample manufacturing and with a microscale model to predict the microstructure. The manufacturing and metallographic characterization of the sample is also included. The results prove that the multiscale strategy followed is a valid approximation to simulate this type of manufacturing process. In addition, it is shown that the use of a generic simulation software focused on metal casting processes can be useful in predicting the lamellar spacing of the microstructure manufactured by LPBF. Finally, the relationship between the cooling rate and the resulting lamellar spacing has been established for this AlSi10Mg under the specific manufacturing conditions considered.This work was supported by the ICME project, which has received funding from the Basque Government under the ELKARTEK Program (KK-2021/00022)

Análisis de empleabilidad y perfiles de egresado en las titulaciones de informática en España

Es evidente que la Universidad española está cambiando su foco de atención, cada vez más, hacia la formación para el empleo con mayor preocupación por la empleabilidad de los egresados. No se trata de una iniciativa casual sino motivada y alentada por el contexto de reforma del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) y por las demandas de la sociedad. En esta ponencia ofrecemos un análisis detallado y exhaustivo de los perfiles de egreso declarados por las distintas universidades españolas en las titulaciones de informática y su vinculación a los datos de demanda de perfiles de trabajo extraída de los estudios RENTIC que la Universidad Europea de Madrid realiza desde 1998.Esta publicación es resultado del proyecto interno 2005/6 sobre “Orientación a la empleabilidad en las titulaciones de Informática” parcialmente financiado por la Universidad Europea de Madrid