Dental Erosion and Diet in Young Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Dental erosion is the irreversible loss of tooth enamel caused by acid attack without any bacterial involvement. Interest in dental erosion has increased considerably during the past decade. This paper aims to determine the prevalence of and association of dental erosion with diet or beverages in children. A systematic review of the literature has been carried out in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations. A search was performed in PubMed, Embase Scopus and Web of Science databases, and completed manually. Those studies that dealt with erosive risk factors related to diet and that included their effect on deciduous or mixed dentition were selected. Dual independent screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were concluded. A total number of 708 articles were identified from the initial electronic search of the four databases. Some 466 articles were selected after duplicated articles were discarded. After reading the title and abstract, we eliminated 376 articles; the remaining 90 were meant to be read in order that we could dispatch the ones that did not answer the research question or the inclusion criteria. A total of 25 articles remained for the systematic review. Erosive lesions are favored by the consumption of carbonated and isotonic drinks, fruit juices and acid sauces. Carbonated, isotonic drinks and fruit drinks favor the development of erosive lesions, not so the consumption of fruit juices mixed with dairy products such as milkshakes, yogurts and/or tea. The findings of this article will help researchers, academics and students to characterize the scientific results regarding dental erosion and diet, to evaluate management strategies and to identify significant topics and questions that will help to design future research with the aim of the prevention of the disease. Registration number: CDR42023389750Odontologí

Servicios en los archivos universitarios, preservación y seguridad: análisis de la situación en las universidades públicas españolas

This paper analyzes the regulatory and legal requirements that require public universities and their respective archives to implement services available through electronic means with guarantees of security and digital preservation. From the above, the situation in Spanish public universities is analyzed from the review of their electronic websites in relation to the availability of archiving services, and security and digital preservation criteria.Este trabajo analiza los requisitos normativos y legales que exigen a las universidades públicas y a sus respectivos archivos la implantación de servicios disponibles a través de medios electrónicos con garantías de seguridad y de preservación digital. A continuación, para analizar la situación en las universidades públicas españolas, se realiza la revisión de sus sedes electrónicas y sitios web en lo relativo a disponibilidad de los servicios de archivo y los criterios de seguridad y preservación digital

Asociación del consumo de alcohol y tabaco con la obesidad en adultos de Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

Objetivo: Describir la asociación del consumo de alcohol y tabaco con el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de corte transversal. Material y Métodos: Se registraron los antecedentes de consumo de alcohol (gr/día) y tabaco (paquetes/año). El Índice de Masa Corporal fue empleado para definir obesidad. La asociación fue estimada por regresión logística, y se aplicó un árbol de regresión. Resultados: Se incluyeron 675 sujetos. Los bebedores activos correspondieron al 68.4%, y 20.6% a fumadores activos. La frecuencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue 41.1 y 18.5%, respectivamente. El consumo de alcohol estuvo asociado con sobrepeso y obesidad (OR=1.1, p=0.02). El árbol de regresión mostró una interacción entre el consumo de cigarrillo y el paso de sobrepeso a obesidad. Conclusiones: El consumo de alcohol incrementa el riesgo de exceso de peso, mientras que el hábito de fumar favorece la aparición de obesidad en sujetos con sobrepeso

Nuevos hospedadores para Amblyomma argentinae Neumann, 1905 (Acari: Ixodidae) en el Chaco Seco de Argentina

Amblyomma argentinae Neumann, 1905 (Acari: Ixodidae) is a hard tick that parasitizes mainly reptiles. During amphibians and reptiles samplings in Miraflores locality, Chaco Province, Argentina, we collected a total of 34 nymphs and one adult of A. argentinae from the colubrid snakes Chironius maculoventris, Philodryas erlandi, P. psammophidea, and the turtle Acanthochelys pallidipectoris. Additionally, we add other records of A. argentinae in lizards previously reported in the Semi-arid Chaco of Argentina, and provide information on the behavior of the snake P. erlandi infested with 19 nymphs. These findings represent the first records of parasitehost association for Argentina.Amblyomma argentinae Neumann, 1905 (Acari: Ixodidae) es una garrapata dura que parasita principalmente reptiles. Durante muestreos de anfibios y reptiles en la localidad de Miraflores, Provincia del Chaco, Argentina, recolectamos un total de 34 ninfas y un adulto de A. argentinae de las serpientes colúbridas Chironius maculoventris, Philodryas erlandi, P. psammophidea y de la tortuga Acanthochelys pallidipectoris. Adicionalmente, agregamos otros registros de A. argentinae en lagartijas previamente reportados en el Chaco semiárido de Argentina, y aportamos información sobre el comportamiento de la culebra P. erlandi infestada con 19 ninfas. Estos hallazgos representan los primeros registros de asociación parásito-hospedador para Argentina.Asociación Parasitológica Argentin

Pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration: implications for treatment

Producción CientíficaABSTRACT: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex, multifactorial, progressive retinal disease that affects millions of people worldwide and has become the leading cause of visual impairment in developed countries. The disease etiopathogenesis is not understood fully, although many triggers and processes that lead to dysfunction and degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have already been identified. Thus, the lack of cellular control of oxidative stress, altered proteostasis, dysfunction of lipid homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction form an internal feedback loop that causes the RPE to fail and allows accumulation of Abnormal misfolded proteins and abnormal lipids that will form drusen. An inadequate antioxidant response, deficits in autophagy mechanisms, and dysregulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) help to increase the deposition of abnormal drusen material over time. The drusen then act as inflammatory centers that trigger chronic inflammation of the subretinal space in which microglia and recruited macrophages are also involved, and where the complement system is a key component. Choriocapillaris degeneration and nutritional influences are also classic elements recognized in the AMD pathophysiology. The genetic component of the disease is embodied in the recognition of the described risk or protective polymorphisms of some complement and ECM related genes (mainly CFH and ARMS2/HTRA1). Thus, carriers of the risk haplotype at ARMS2/HTRA1 have a higher risk of developing late AMD at a younger age. Finally, gut microbiota and epigenetics may play a role in modulating the progression to advanced AMD with the presence of local inflammatory conditions. Because of multiple implicated processes, different complex combinations of treatments will probably be the best option to obtain the best visual results; they in turn will differ depending on the type and spectrum of disease affecting individual patients or the disease stage in each patient at a specific moment. This will undoubtedly lead to personalized medicine for control and hopefully find a future cure. This necessitates the continued unraveling of all the processes involved in the pathogenesis of AMD that must be understood to devise the combinations of treatments for different concurrent or subsequent problems

Bilingual and intercultural strategies on transmigrant families

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fundamental ha sido analizar e identificar cuáles son las estrategias –tanto bilingües como interculturales– que despliegan familias transmigrantes hispano-germanas. La metodología que hemos seguido se instala en el enfoque biográficonarrativo, de tal manera que hemos reconstruido las etapas y proyectos migratorios de dichas familias, interesándonos por el discurso de los padres y madres a propósito de las estrategias, objetivos y teorías que subyacen a las prácticas, así como el interés que muestran por mantener y potenciar las competencias bilingües e interculturales en su cotidianidad. Una vez analizado todo el material empírico, los resultados que presentamos se organizan en torno a cuatro grandes dimensiones de análisis: a) «Prácticas bilingües», donde describimos qué estrategias siguen las familias para el fomento y potenciación del bilingüismo; b) «Teorías cotidianas sobre la interculturalidad», entendidas como aquellos discursos que se refieren a «teorías» y «niveles de análisis» sobre la percepción y aceptación de la diversidad cultural; c) una tercera denominada «Redes sociales», referida a la participación activa de los miembros del grupo familiar en redes –ya sean familiares, de ocio, laborales o de otro tipo– y que, según sus discursos, les permite fomentar y mantener la transmigración, el bilingüismo y las competencias interculturales; y, por último, d) el «Cosmopolitismo», referido a la selección de discursos de las familias que muestran motivos, valoraciones y actitudes positivas acerca de la diversidad lingüística y cultural, al margen de que éstas sean practicadas o no.This article presents the results of a research project whose aim is to analyze and identify the bilingual and intercultural strategies employed by the Spanish-German transmigrant families. Through the use of a biographical-narrative approach, we have reconstructed the migratory phases and itineraries of there families, emphasizing the parents’ underlying discourses on strategies, objectives and their subjacent theories on their children’s bilingual practices as well as on their specific interest on keeping and strengthening their children’s bilingual and intercultural competences. After presenting the analyzed empirical data, the results obtained are grouped into four broad dimensions: a) «bilingual practice», i.e. those strategies adopted by families to promote and strengthen bilingualism; b) interculturality life world theories, i.e. the ideas and levels of analysis about perceiving and accepting cultural diversity; c) «social networks», i.e. active participation in kin, labor, leisure or other social networks which, according to their discourse, foster transmigration, bilingualism and intercultural competences; and d) «cosmopolitanism» as a particular kind of discourse chosen by the interviewed families and which –without regard to their actual practices– reflect positive motives, values and attitudes identified with cultural and linguistic diversity, no matter if they are used or no

Longitudinal associations between cardiovascular biomarkers and metabolic syndrome during puberty: the PUBMEP study

Puberty has been described as a life stage of considerable metabolic risk specially for those with obesity. The low-grade systemic inflammatory status associated with obesity could be one of the connections with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thus, we aimed to assess the relationship between inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers and the development of MetS during puberty. Seventy-five children from the PUBMEP study (33 females), aged 4–18 years, were included. Cardiovascular and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in the prepubertal and pubertal stage, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin 8 (IL8), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), total plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (tPAI), resistin, adiponectin, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1). MetS was diagnosed at each measurement point. Mixed-effects and logistic regressions were performed. Those children with MetS in puberty presented higher prepubertal values of several cardiometabolic biomarkers in comparison to those without MetS (z-score body mass index (zBMI), waist circumference, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, and tPAI (p < 0.05)). For prepubertal children with obesity, the odds of developing MetS in puberty were significantly higher in those having high zBMI (OR = 4.27; CI: 1.39–22.59) or high concentrations of tPAI (OR = 1.19; CI: 1.06–1.43). Conclusion: Those with obesity with higher prepubertal tPAI plasma levels had 19% higher odds of having MetS at puberty highlighting the existence of association between MetS, obesity, and inflammation already in puberty. Thus, assessing cardiometabolic and inflammatory status in children with obesity already at prepuberty is key to avoiding future comorbidities.CRUE-CSIC agreementSpringer NaturePlan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I + D + I), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Health Research PI11/01425 PI11/02042 PI11/02059 PI16/01301 PI16/01205 PI16/00871 PI20/00563CIBEROBN Network CB15/00131 CB15/00043Redes tematicas de investigacion cooperativa RETIC Red SAMID RD12/0026/001

Oxidative Balance Scores (OBSs) Integrating Nutrient, Food and Lifestyle Dimensions: Development of the NutrientL-OBS and FoodL-OBS

This research was co-funded by the Health Research Found (FIS), Accion Estrategica en Salud (AES), of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, grant number PI12/00002, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).Oxidative Balance Scores (OBS) are tools that allow us to assess the individual's antioxidant state by ranking both antioxidant and pro-oxidant components of dietary and lifestyle factors. Our aim was to develop novel OBSs accounting for either the global supply of nutrient antioxidants in the diet, or the intake of antioxidant-rich foods, in combination with lifestyle factors. Pro-oxidant factors were also considered. Within two centers of the Spanish European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, EPIC-Granada and EPIC-Gipuzkoa (N = 14,756 participants), we developed the Nurient, Food and Lifestyle OBS (NutrientL-OBS and FoodL-OBS), and their simplified versions (solely with dietary or lifestyle factors, the Nutrient-OBS, Food-OBS and L-OBS). Their antioxidant potential was evaluated considering their relationship with: (i) 20 scores of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD); and, (ii) 25 biomarkers of antioxidant nutrients (ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, etc.), inflammation (CRP, TNF-alpha, etc.) and oxidative stress (uric acid), among 210 participants. Spearman correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses were applied to analyze these associations. Some statistically significant relationships were encountered between the NutrientL-OBS and the FoodL-OBS with the MD scores, and with ascorbic acid (per one-unit increase in OBS: beta = 0.012 and 0.015; p = 0.022 and 0.008, respectively) and CRP (per one-unit increase in both OBS: beta = -0.02; p = 0.02); the latter appeared to be restricted to the OBS ' s lifestyle components. In conclusion, the NutrientL- and FoodL-OBSs and their sub-versions are related to antioxidant-rich dietary patterns and to biomarkers of antioxidant nutrient intake and inflammation, supporting that these tools are valid to assess the individual ' s oxidative/antioxidant status.Health Research Found (FIS), Accion Estrategica en Salud (AES), of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness PI12/00002European Commissio