El valor probatorio de la actividad investigadora de la polícia judicial

Según el autor, los aspectos y problemas que presenta el valor probatorio de la actividad investigadora de la policía judicial justificarían, por sí solos, la tan esperada reforma del procedimiento de enjuiciamiento criminal. Sin hacer un análisis exhaustivo de la si tuación, el autor abre unas reflexiones sobre las deficiencias del modelo probatorio español, cuyo funcionamiento actual pone en peligro ciertas garantías constitucionales, y, en consecuencia, aboga por la necesidad de adoptar medidas correctoras rápidas y eficaces. En este sentido, para ordenar el actual modelo plantea la reconstrucción conceptual de la actividad probatoria del proceso; la concreción y los límites del espacio policial para obtener pruebas, que analiza detalladamente, y finalmente, la adecuación de la transformación de las fuentes de prueba en prueba

La medición retrospectiva del bienestar mediante indicadores antropométricos: Zamora, 1840-1935

En este trabajo analizamos la altura de la población de una ciudad castellana, Zamora, en el largo plazo, con el propósito de estimar la evolución de su nivel de vida. Nuestro objetivo es probar que el capitalismo agrario como estrategia de crecimiento provocó un incremento del nivel de vida menor que el que indujo la industrialización plena. Por otra parte, constatamos la existencia de una "penalización" urbana en Castilla. Los niveles de vida de la población rural fueron más altos que los calculados para la urbana, al menos, hasta comienzos del siglo XX.In this paper we analyse the population height of a Castilian town, Zamora, in the long term in order to estimate the evolution of standard of living. Our aim is to prove that the agrarian capitalism a economic development strategy provoked and improvement of the standard of living smaller that the industrialization. On the other hand, we reveal the existence of an "urban penalty" in Castile. Rural inhabitants' standard of living, were higher than those calculated for the urban population, at least, until the beginnings of the 20 century

Carta al lector

Normalmente las despedidas no suelen ser tales. Todos, de una u otra forma, seguimos por el camino en un continuum y, posiblemente, lo único que hacemos es utilizar un transporte diferente. Hoy, la dirección y el consejo de redacción de la revista Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes toman otro vehículo, agotan su tiempo después de ocho años laboriosos —1988/1996— donde temas muy diversos de la actividad físico deportiva salieron a la luz y donde la novedad, originalidad y criterios académicos prevalecieron sobre otra serie de planteamientos. La revista del INEF de Catalunya es una publicación consolidada en nuestro país y reconocida internacionalmente. En la actualidad es una publicación trimestral estructurada y enraizada donde los criterios abiertos y constructivos fueron los prioritarios, lejos de sectarismos inútiles. La revista Apunts, en estos años en que la dirigimos, ha intentado abordar los problemas con generosidad y desde un punto de vista amplio, siempre observando su repercusión en nuestros lectores, los cuales han hecho, con su opinión, que la revista sea una de las más reconocidas en lengua castellana y catalana. A ellos nuestro agradecimiento, con el ánimo de que sigan confiando en ella en su próxima etapa. También es obligado resaltar los que han hecho posible esta tarea con su gran colaboración, desde la secretaría de redacción y el consejo asesor hasta todos los profesores del INEF de Catalunya (Barcelona y Lleida). Para todos nosotros queda un recuerdo entrañable de quien nos dejó siendo miembro del consejo de redacción; un buen amigo de estudios, un joven profesional, profesor del INEFC de Lleida —Jeroni Saura— con quien vivimos momentos profesionales apasionantes quizás en una época de la educación física bastante desconocida para los nuevos profesionales o para aquellos que son ajenos, formativamente hablando, a los INEF. Pero es necesario realtar que durante esta convivencia de veinte años fue cuando se fusionaron las escuelas de educación física, se crearon las expectativas de los profesionales por la futura licenciatura y llegó el reconocimiento profesional en el ámbito educativo

An anthropometric study of inequality and social segregation in a castilian city. Zamora, 1840-1936

this paper proposes several indicators for income distribution derived from the height of individuals. From the study of these indicators, we can conclude that the economic backwardness that zamora suffered led a further deterioration of living standards compared to other more economically advanced areas in the region, but less drastic changes in income distribution. Even so, anthropometric indicators show the strong bias and discrimination suffered by unskilled workers as well as the social segregation of the needy, who were isolated in the marginal areas of the city. (paper in Spanish)Living standards, Income distribution, Anthropometry, Urban history, Castille, Zamora

Flood management in a complex river basin with a real-time decision support system based on hydrological forecasts

In alpine valleys with strong urban development, river training works for flood safety become more and more difficult to implement because of economic and environmental constraints. Thus flood management has a great importance especially in river basins equipped with storage power plants having a large retention potential. To reduce the flood risk in the Upper Rhone River basin in the Cantons of Vaud and Valais, the MINERVE flood forecast system was developed. It aims an optimized flood management by taking advantage of the numerous existing high head power plants and reservoirs. The MINERVE flood forecast system was operational since 2006 with deterministic meteorological forecasts. Dr. Javier García Hernández improved and enhanced the system by implementing ensemble meteorological forecasts as well as an adapted decision making tool for preventive operations of the hydropower plants. This needed several scientific developments namely a combination of multi-attribute decision-making methodology with probabilistic forecasts for mathematical optimisation and a global procedure for solving a complex river basin with deterministic and probabilistic forecasts. The MINERVE system is now able to provide hydrological ensemble forecasts all over the Upper Rhone catchment area. Furthermore a new warning system tool was developed which allows producing warning reports. The warning system predicts the future time evolution of the hydrological situation at selected main checkpoints in the catchment area. Three warning levels during a flood event have been implemented depending on related critical discharge thresholds. Furthermore, in order to manage the multi-reservoir system during floods in an optimal way and to limit or avoid flood damages, optimization algorithms and procedures have been developed and tested. The most important scientific contribution of Dr. Javier García Hernández is the development of a decision support tool called MINDS (MINERVE Interactive Decision Support System), which allows real-time decision making based on hydrological forecasts. This tool suggests preventive operation measures of the hydropower plants such as turbine and bottom outlet releases in order to achieve an optimum economical use of the reservoirs, reducing the river discharge during the flood peak. The developed decision support system combines high-quality optimization of the system with a user-friendly interface that helps decision makers understanding the consequences of the preventive operation measures. Although MINDS has been specifically developed for the Upper Rhone River basin, the architecture of the system and its conceptual methodology can be applied to other cases in the field of water resources, flood warnings or reservoir management

Difundir, visibilizar, competir

Si la universidad de la investigación se está planteando en laUniversidad de Cartagena como una categoría estratégicacentral, el fomento productivo y la evaluación pública de su accióninvestigativa habrá de encontrar uno de sus principales espacios de consolidacióny progreso en la difusión sistemática de sus productos. Para ello, debeincrementarse el apoyo estratégico y programático al conjunto articulado devariables, que junto con las propias de la producción científica y tecnológica decalidad de su cuerpo docente investigador, incluya, con un mismo grado deimportancia, atravesando todas sus instancias institucionales, las atinentes ala configuración y puesta en funcionamiento de una estructura organizacionalque se corresponda efectivamente (y no solo nominal o burocráticamente) conaquélla

Flood Management in a Complex River Basin with a Real-Time Decision Support System Based on Hydrological Forecasts

During the last decades, the Upper Rhone River basin has been hit by several flood events causing significant damages in excess of 500 million Swiss Francs. From this situation, the 3rd Rhône river training project was planned in order to improve the flood protection in the Upper Rhone River basin in Vaud and Valais Cantons. In this framework, the MINERVE forecast system aims to contribute to a better flow control during flood events in this catchment area, taking advantage of the existing hydropower multi-reservoir network. This system also fits into the OWARNA national project of the Swiss Federal Office of Environment by establishing a national platform on natural hazards alarms. The Upper Rhone River basin has a catchment area with high mountains and large glaciers. The surface of the basin is 5521 km2 and its elevation varies between 400 and 4634 m a.s.l. Numerous hydropower schemes with large dams and reservoirs are located in the catchment area, influencing the hydrological regime. Their impact during floods can be significant as appropriate preventive operations can decrease the peak discharges in the Rhone River and its main tributaries, thus reducing the damages. The MINERVE forecast system exploits flow measurements, data from reservoirs and hydropower plants as well as probabilistic (COSMO-LEPS) and deterministic (COSMO-2 and COSMO-7) numerical weather predictions from MeteoSwiss. The MINERVE hydrological model of the catchment area follows a semi-distributed approach. The basin is split into 239 sub-catchments which are further sub-divided into 500 m elevation bands, for a total of 1050 bands. For each elevation band, precipitation, temperature and potential evapotranspiration are calculated. They are considered in order to describe the temperature-driven processes accurately, such as snow and glaciers melt. The hydrological model was implemented in the Routing System software. The object oriented programming environment allows a user-friendly modelling of the hydrological, hydraulic and operating processes. Numerical meteorological data (observed or predicted) are introduced as input in the model. Over the calibration and validation periods of the model, only observed data (precipitation, temperature and flows) was used. For operational flood forecast, the observed measurements are used to update the initial conditions of the hydrological model and the weather forecasts for the hydrological simulations. Routing System provides then hydrological predictions in the whole catchment area. Subsequently, a warning system was developed especially for the basin to provide a flood warning report. The warning system predicts the evolution of the hydrological situation at selected main check points in the catchment area. It displays three warning levels during a flood event depending on respective critical discharge thresholds. Furthermore, the multi-reservoir system is managed in an optimal way in order to limit or avoid damages during floods. A decision support tool called MINDS (MINERVE Interactive Decision Support System) has been developed for real-time decision making based on the hydrological forecasts. This tool defines preventive operation measures for the hydropower plants such as turbine and bottom outlet releases able to provide an optimal water storage during the flood peak. The overall goal of MINDS is then to retain the inflowing floods in reservoirs and to avoid spillway and turbine operations during the peak flow, taking into account all restrictions and current conditions of the network. Such a reservoir management system can therefore significantly decrease flood damages in the catchment area. The reservoir management optimisation during floods is achieved with deterministic and probabilistic forecasts. The definition of the objective function to optimise is realised with a multi-attribute decision making approach. Then, the optimisation is performed with an iterative Greedy algorithm or a SCE-UA (Shuffled Complex Evolution – University of Arizona) algorithm. The developed decision support system combines the high-quality optimisation system with its user-friendly interface. The purpose is to help decision makers by being directly involve in main steps of the decision making process as well as by understanding the measures undertaken and their consequences

Notas de aquí y de allá : congresos internacionales en la facultad de ciencias sociales y educación, Universidad de Cartagena 2015-2016.

La actual coyuntura nacional puede representarse con la metáfora de una encrucijada. El cruce de tendencias divergentes de largo plazo, así como de plurales y en ocasiones centrífugas dinámicas emergentes y de acontecimientos disruptivos, nos han colocado a los colombianos en un lugar y un momento de decisiones cruciales. Como miembros activos de una nacionalidad en construcción, que se erige con esfuerzo y persistencia, a través de ciclos de intensa conflictualidad que se solapan con otros de relativa avenencia y concierto, afrontamos hoy un momento inusual de riesgos y oportunidades