TransformEHRs: a flexible methodology for building transparent ETL processes for EHR reuse

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, several methodologies were designed for obtaining electronic health record (EHR)-derived datasets for research. These processes are often based on black boxes, on which clinical researchers are unaware of how the data were recorded, extracted, and transformed. In order to solve this, it is essential that extract, transform, and load (ETL) processes are based on transparent, homogeneous, and formal methodologies, making them understandable, reproducible, and auditable. Objectives: This study aims to design and implement a methodology, according with FAIR Principles, for building ETL processes (focused on data extraction, selection, and transformation) for EHR reuse in a transparent and flexible manner, applicable to any clinical condition and health care organization. Methods: The proposed methodology comprises four stages: (1) analysis of secondary use models and identification of data operations, based on internationally used clinical repositories, case report forms, and aggregated datasets; (2) modeling and formalization of data operations, through the paradigm of the Detailed Clinical Models; (3) agnostic development of data operations, selecting SQL and R as programming languages; and (4) automation of the ETL instantiation, building a formal configuration file with XML. Results: First, four international projects were analyzed to identify 17 operations, necessary to obtain datasets according to the specifications of these projects from the EHR. With this, each of the data operations was formalized, using the ISO 13606 reference model, specifying the valid data types as arguments, inputs and outputs, and their cardinality. Then, an agnostic catalog of data was developed through data-oriented programming languages previously selected. Finally, an automated ETL instantiation process was built from an ETL configuration file formally defined. Conclusions: This study has provided a transparent and flexible solution to the difficulty of making the processes for obtaining EHR-derived data for secondary use understandable, auditable, and reproducible. Moreover, the abstraction carried out in this study means that any previous EHR reuse methodology can incorporate these results into them.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI18/00981, PI18/01047, PI18CIII/00019.S

Personality characteristics by gender in Spanish College Students

Resumens: En este artículo analizamos las diferencias de género de un grupo de estudiantes en relación a la personalidad, el optimismo y el afrontamiento al estrés, con el fin de conocer las características específicas de este colectivo en estas variables y si se mantienen las diferencias que apuntan otros estudios, lo cual permitirá proponer intervenciones específicas. En este estudio han participado 317 estudiantes universitarios, 51 varones y 266 mujeres, a los que se les aplicaron de forma individual diferentes instrumentos: el Cuestionario de personalidad de Eysenck (EPQ-R) en su versión abreviada, el Inventario de Afrontamiento al Estrés (CSI), el Test de Orientación Vital Revisado (LOT-R), el Inventario Neo de Cinco Factores (NEO FFI), el Inventario Bipolar de Goldberg, y el Perfil de Personalidad de Berkeley. A partir de los análisis de diferencias de género, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la Variable Retirada Social del Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento, la variable neuroticismo del Cuestionario de Personalidad de Eysenck y la variable neuroticismo del Inventario Bipolar de Goldberg, siendo en los varones mayor en las dos primeras y menor en la última, no encontrándose diferencias en el resto de dimensiones evaluadas. Finalmente, parece que los varones tienden a afrontar de forma evitativa, mientras que en el caso del neuroticismo los resultados no son consistentes.Abstract: Gender differences in personality, optimism and stress coping were analysed in a group of Spanish college students. Specific characteristics in these variables would be found, which will propose specific interventions. Three hundred and seventeen college students, 51 men and 266 women completed several personality questionnaires: The shorter version of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R), the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), the Neo Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI), the Transparent Bipolar Inventory and the Berkeley Personality Profile. Statistically significant gender differences in social avoidance of coping skills scale and neuroticism of Eysenck Scale and Bipolar Inventory were founded. Men showed highest social avoidance and neuroticism based on Eysenck scale and no differences in other dimensions evaluated were showed. Finally, men tend to use avoidant coping, whereas neuroticism results are not consistent

Características de la personalidad según el género en universitarios españoles

Gender differences in personality, optimism and stress coping were analysed in a group of Spanish college students.  Specific characteristics in these variables would be found, which will propose specific interventions. Three hundred and seventeen college students, 51 men and 266 women completed several personality questionnaires: The shorter version of  Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R), the Coping Strategies Inventory  (CSI), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), the Neo Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI), the Transparent Bipolar Inventory and the Berkeley Personality Profile. Statistically significant gender differences in social avoidance of coping skills scale and neuroticism of Eysenck Scale and Bipolar Inventory were founded. Men showed highest social avoidance and neuroticism based on Eysenck scale and no differences in other dimensions evaluated were showed. Finally, men tend to use avoidant coping, whereas neuroticism results are not consistent.En este artículo analizamos las diferencias de género de un grupo de estudiantes en relación a la personalidad, el optimismo y el afrontamiento al estrés, con el fin de conocer las características específicas de este colectivo en estas variables y si se mantienen las diferencias que apuntan otros estudios, lo cual permitirá proponer intervenciones específicas. En este estudio han participado 317 estudiantes universitarios, 51 varones y 266 mujeres, a los que se les aplicaron de forma individual diferentes instrumentos: el Cuestionario de personalidad de Eysenck (EPQ-R) en su versión abreviada, el Inventario de Afrontamiento al Estrés (CSI), el Test de Orientación Vital Revisado (LOT-R), el Inventario Neo de Cinco Factores (NEO FFI), el Inventario Bipolar de Goldberg, y el Perfil de Personalidad de Berkeley. A partir de los análisis de diferencias de género, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la Variable Retirada Social del Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento, la variable neuroticismo del Cuestionario de Personalidad de Eysenck y la variable neuroticismo del Inventario Bipolar de Goldberg, siendo en los varones mayor en las dos primeras y menor en la última, no encontrándose diferencias en el resto de dimensiones evaluadas. Finalmente, parece que los varones tienden a afrontar de forma evitativa, mientras que en el caso del neuroticismo los resultados no son consistentes

La situación de las personas mayores en el municipio de Zamora

El informe que se presenta es el resultado de la investigación sobre la situación de las personas mayores en el municipio de Zamora, realizada por un equipo de docentes e investigadores procedentes de áreas de conocimiento afines y complementarias (Sociología, Educación Social, Trabajo Social y Comunicación), que ha trabajado de manera muy activa para alcanzar los objetivos previstos en el convenio de colaboración entre BREAMO EDITORIAL, S.L. y la Universidad de Salamanca a través, en este caso, del Grupo de Investigación Reconocido (GIR) “Sociedad, Educación, Violencia e Infancia”.La investigación sobre la situación de las personas mayores en el municipio de Zamora que aquí se presenta concuerda con las preocupaciones de la Red Mundial de Ciudades y Comunidades Adaptadas a las Personas Mayores, proyecto promovido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS)1. Basada en este enfoque de la OMS hacia el envejecimiento activo, se trata de que las ciudades se comprometan a ser más amigables con la edad, con el fin de aprovechar el potencial que representan las personas mayores mediante la optimización de las oportunidades de salud, participación y seguridad. Y todo ello con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas a medida que envejecen. Por consiguiente, tanto el objetivo como la descripción y las características técnicas de las diferentes fases de la investigación, que se presentan en los siguientes apartados, deben entenderse en este contexto tan ambicioso

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

GCD14p, a repressor of GCN4 translation, cooperates with Gcd10p and Lhp1p in the maturation of initiator methionyl-tRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Gcd10p and Gcd14p were first identified genetically as repressors of GCN4 mRNA translation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recent findings indicate that Gcd10p and Gcd14p reside in a nuclear complex required for the presence of 1-methyladenosine in tRNAs. Here we show that Gcd14p is an essential protein with predicted binding motifs for S-adenosylmethionine, consistent with a direct function in tRNA methylation. Two different gcd14 mutants exhibit defects in cell growth and accumulate high levels of initiator methionyl-tRNA (tRNA(i)/(Met)) precursors containing 5' and 3' extensions, suggesting a defect in processing of the primary transcript. Dosage suppressors of gcd10 mutations, encoding tRNA(i)/(Met) (hcIMT1 to hcIMT4; hc indicates that the gene is carried on a high-copy-number plasmid) or a homologue of human La protein implicated in tRNA 3'-end formation (hcLHP1), also suppressed gcd14 mutations. In fact, the lethality of a GCD14 deletion was suppressed by hcIMT4, indicating that the essential function of Gcd14p is required for biogenesis of tRNA(i)/(Met). A mutation in GCD10 or deletion of LHP1 exacerbated the defects in cell growth and expression of mature tRNA(i)/(Met) in gcd14 mutants, consistent with functional interactions between Gcd14p, Gcd10p, and Lhp1p in vivo. Surprisingly, the amounts of NME1 and RPR1, the RNA components of RNases P and MRP, were substantially lower in gcd14 lhp1::LEU2 double mutants than in the corresponding single mutants, whereas 5S rRNA was present at wild-type levels. Our findings suggest that Gcd14p and Lhp1p cooperate in the maturation of a subset of RNA polymerase III transcripts.This work was supported by grants PB94-1103 and PB97-1122 from the Spanish Dirección General de Enseñanza Superior (DGES) awarded to M.T. and by Collaborative Research Grant 920605 from NATO, awarded to A.G.H. and M.T. O.C. and R.C. acknowledge support from respective fellowships granted by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC), through the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).Peer Reviewe

Ruthenium effect on formation mechanism and structural characteristics of LaCo1-xRuxO3 perovskites and its influence on catalytic performance for hydrocarbon oxidative reforming

This work deals with the formation mechanism of LaCo1-xRuxO3 perovskites (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4). In situ characterization of perovskite during formation were monitored with X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy techniques, revealing that perovskite formation occurs via an oxo-lanthanum carbonate intermediate phase. Structural characterization of perovskites showed structural changes in the perovskite as the Ru inserted in the structure increases. It was observed that the insertion of Ru affects the bulk structure by creating rotational and Jahn-Teller distortions in the perovskite structure. Raman spectroscopy completed the description, proving the strong distortions of the lattice oxygen and the La-O coordination induced by the presence of ruthenium. Such distorted configuration gave rise to a weakening of metal-oxygen bonds, maximizing anionic mobility and reactants adsorption. Surface changes were also observed with the insertion of Ru in the perovskite structure. XPS showed that there are cobalt spinel species, unaltered by ruthenium, and lanthanum oxide species that become more carbonated when Ru is present. The formation of carbonate-like structures is enhanced by ruthenium, which must be interacting with lanthanum entities, loosening La-O bonds in order to facilitate the adsorption of CO2. Relating these structural effects with catalytic performance in hydrocarbons reforming, we can conclude that the structural distortion induced by ruthenium favours catalytic stability, probably by stabilizing metallic Co and Co-Ru sites, increasing metal dispersion and by making oxygen mobility easier in the disturbed La2O3 supportThe authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under grant CTQ2013-48669-P and by CAM under grant S2013/MAE-2882. Our appreciation goes to I. Peral and C. Popescu for their help in the acquisition of HR-XRD at MSPD ALBA beamline. We thank J. Hanson and W. Xu for their help in performing the TR-XRD experiment at X7B beamline (NSLS). We also wish to thank N. Marinkovic for his help in the XAFS measurements at X18B (NSLS). Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, BNL, was supported by the US DoE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.Peer reviewe

Transformación OMOP-CDM del repositorio para usos secundarios de la cohorte de la Red Española de Investigación en SIDA (CoRIS)

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