Distanciamiento social ante la COVID-19: Simulación del aforo máximo de personas mediante PHP

Population confluence in internal or external areas considerably increases transmission of COVID-19, due to not respecting the social distancing established by the health system. The objective of this work was to make use of programming techniques, using the PHP language (hypertext preprocessor), for the development of an application that simulates the maximum capacity of people who can enter an internal or external area. The methodology allowed recognizing common internal and external areas, configurating to the development environment, coding, simulation proposing and executing of the simulator where a practical case and ten places were evaluated to determine its reliability. The simulator provided the maximum capacity of people who can enter an internal or external area, complying with the social distancing of 2 m. The results made it possible to know that the use of information technologies through programming techniques and the PHP language contributed to being a technological alternative for the fight against the spread of the virus.La confluencia poblacional en áreas internas o externas incrementa considerablemente la trasmisión de la COVID-19, por no respetar el distanciamiento social que establece el sistema de salud. El objetivo de este trabajo fue hacer uso de técnicas de programación, empleando el lenguaje PHP (preprocesador de hipertexto), para el desarrollo de una aplicación que simule el aforo máximo de personas que pueden ingresar a un área interna o externa. La metodología permitió el reconocimiento de áreas internas y externas comunes, configuración al entorno de desarrollo, codificación, propuesta de simulación y ejecución del simulador donde se ha evaluado un caso práctico y diez lugares para determinar su confiabilidad. El simulador brindó el aforo máximo de personas que pueden ingresar a un lugar de área interna o externa cumpliendo el distanciamiento social de 2 m. Los resultados permitieron conocer que el uso de las tecnologías de información a través de las técnicas de programación y el lenguaje PHP contribuyó en ser una alternativa tecnológica para la lucha contra la propagación del virus

An Asymmetric Keplerian Disk Surrounding the O-type Protostar IRAS 16547-4247

For the past few decades, there has been great interest in determining if even the most massive stars in our galaxy (namely the spectral O-type stars) are formed in a similar manner as the low- and intermediate-mass stars, that is, through the presence of accreting disks and powerful outflows. Here, using sensitive observations of the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array, we report a resolved Keplerian disk (with 15 synthesized beams across its major axis) surrounding the deeply embedded O-type protostar IRAS 16547-4247. The disk shows some asymmetries that could arise because the disk is unstable and fragmenting or because of different excitation conditions within the disk. The enclosed mass estimated from the disk Keplerian radial velocities is 25 -3 M . The molecular disk is at the base of an ionized thermal radio jet and is approximately perpendicular to the jet axis orientation. We additionally find the existence of a binary system of compact dusty objects at the center of the accreting disk, which indicates the possible formation of an O-type star and a companion of lower mass. This is not surprising due to the high binary fraction reported in massive stars. Subtracting the contribution of the dusty disk plus the envelope and the companion, we estimated a mass of 20 M for the central star.Fil: Zapata, Luis A.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Garay, Guido. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Palau, Aina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Rodríguez, Luis F.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Fernandez Lopez, Manuel. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía; ArgentinaFil: Estalella, Robert. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Guzmán, Andres. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Japó

Understanding Citizens’ Environmental Concern and Their Pro-environmental Behaviours and Attitudes and Their Influence on Energy Use

[Abstract] The analysis of the prime political ideologies that affect human behaviours and how these make people interact with their habitat is most necessary for policy making. The objective of the present research is to analyse the relationship between an individual’s political ideology and his/her environmental concern and pro-environmental behaviours and attitudes, and how these last two influences on pro-electrical consumption attitudes. To achieve the objective, we based the research on information from two surveys effectuated two years apart. A total of 3,395 household heads were interviewed (84.5% from 2019 and 15.5% from 2021). Four hypotheses were launched and only one validated through our study which proved the relationship between environmental concern and pro-electrical consumption attitudes. However, the study additionally shows a gradual decrease in environmental concern and pro-environmental behaviours and attitudes from centre ideology to the extreme left and right, being the values of the left-wing (extreme left and left-centre) higher than those of the right-wing (extreme right and right-centre). Additionally, a strong influence of environmental concern in pro-environmental behaviours and attitudes was found, meaning that environmental knowledge is necessary to develop greener attitudes and behaviours. These results shed light on citizens environmental policy preferences, making clear the discussion about the effects of political ideology on pro-environmental behaviours and attitudes

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis A perspective from a third-level hospital

Introducción: la tuberculosis sigue siendo una enfermedad de alta prevalencia y muestra, además, un aumento considerable en los pacientes VIH/SIDA; de igual manera, las formas extrapulmonares vienen tomando cada vez mayor relevancia. Se informan aproximadamente 9 millones de casos nuevos y más de 1 millón y medio de muertes cada año por tuberculosis, así mismo toma importancia cardinal el incremento en la incidencia de casos de tuberculosis extrapulmonar. Objetivos: evaluar y presentar los datos de un hospital de tercer nivel en relación con tuberculosis extrapulmonar y ofrecer recomendaciones generales para su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Diseño, materiales y métodos: se revisaron los registros clínicos y las bases epidemiológicas del programa de tuberculosis de los últimos 12 años de un hospital de tercer nivel de Bogotá, Colombia (Hospital Santa Clara ESE) y se hizo una revisión de la literatura en lo que respecta a la tuberculosis y su presentación extrapulmonar. Resultados: en el consolidado de casos de tuberculosis extrapulmonar de la población del Hospital Santa Clara ESE de 12 años se obtuvieron 30% de casos extrapulmonares en pacientes no VIH/SIDA y 47% en pacientes con SIDA. Las formas de presentación extrapulmonar más frecuentes fueron la ganglionar, el compromiso del sistema nervioso central y la miliar. Conclusiones: se encontró una importante incidencia en los casos extrapulmonares. El reto más importante en la tuberculosis extra-pulmonar radica en la sospecha clínica y en la selección del método para la confirmación diagnóstica. Esta formas son paucibacilares y de bajo contagio, pero pueden producir alta morbi-mortalidad, la misma que puede ser mayor en los pacientes con VIH/SIDA.Artículo original16-26Introduction: the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) continues to be high, and shows an important increase in patients with HIV/AIDS. The relevance of extrapulmonary forms of the disease has likewise become increasingly greater. Approximately 9 million new cases of tuberculosis are reported every year, with more than one and a half million deaths due to the disease during the same period of time. Objectives: to evaluate and present the data of a third-level hospital with regard to extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and to give some general recommendations for its diagnosis and treatment. Design, Materials and Methods: the clinical charts and the epidemiologic databases of the tuberculosis program carried out over the past 12 years at a third-level hospital of Bogotá, Colombia (Hospital Santa Clara E.S.E.) were evaluated, and a review of the literature concerning tuberculosis and its extrapulmonary presentation was carried out. Results: The consolidated data of cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis among the population of the Hospital Santa Clara E.S.E. over a 12-year period: 30% of extrapulmonary cases were found in non-HIV/AIDS-infection patients and 47% in patients with AIDS. The most common forms of extrapulmonary presentation were: of the lymph nodes, of the central nervous system, and of the miliary type. Conclusions: An important incidence of extrapulmonary cases was found. The challenge with regard to extrapulmonary tuberculosis lies on clinical suspicion and on the selection of the method for diagnostic confirmation. These forms are paucibacillary and not very contagious, but can produce high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in patients with HIV/AIDS

Distanciamiento social ante la COVID-19: Simulación del aforo máximo de personas mediante PHP

La confluencia poblacional en áreas internas o externas incrementa considerablemente la trasmisión de la COVID-19, por no respetar el distanciamiento social que establece el sistema de salud. El objetivo de este trabajo fue hacer uso de técnicas de programación, empleando el lenguaje PHP (preprocesador de hipertexto), para el desarrollo de una aplicación que simule el aforo máximo de personas que pueden ingresar a un área interna o externa. La metodología permitió el reconocimiento de áreas internas y externas comunes, configuración al entorno de desarrollo, codificación, propuesta de simulación y ejecución del simulador donde se ha evaluado un caso práctico y diez lugares para determinar su confiabilidad. El simulador brindó el aforo máximo de personas que pueden ingresar a un lugar de área interna o externa cumpliendo el distanciamiento social de 2 m. Los resultados permitieron conocer que el uso de las tecnologías de información a través de las técnicas de programación y el lenguaje PHP contribuyó en ser una alternativa tecnológica para la lucha contra la propagación del virus.//Population confluence in internal or external areas considerably increases transmission of COVID-19, due to not respecting the social distancing established by the health system. The objective of this work was to make use of programming techniques, using the PHP language (hypertext preprocessor), for the development of an application that simulates the maximum capacity of people who can enter an internal or external area. The methodology allowed recognizing common internal and external areas, configurating to the development environment, coding, simulation proposing and executing of the simulator where a practical case and ten places were evaluated to determine its reliability. The simulator provided the maximum capacity of people who can enter an internal or external area, complying with the social distancing of 2 m. The results made it possible to know that the use of information technologies through programming techniques and the PHP language contributed to being a technological alternative for the fight against the spread of the virus

Drip-tape irrigation depth: water use efficiency, yield and forage quality in maize

Objective: With the objective of evaluating the effect of the depth of the drip irrigation tape on the efficiency of water use, yield, nutritional quality and profitability of forage corn, a study was established by installing the irrigation tape at a depth of 0.05, 0.15 and 0.30 m. Design/methodology/approach: A randomized block experimental design was used, the treatments evaluated consisted of the installation of the irrigation tape at three depths: 0.05, 0.15 and 0.30 m, each treatment was replicated on three occasions, the experimental unit consisted 15 m2 (four 5 m long furrows and a separation of 0.76 m between furrows). Results: The results showed that with the irrigation tape installed at a depth of 0.15 m, the highest biomass production and efficiency in water use were obtained, without modifying the bromatological quality of the forage; However, the best benefit-cost ratio corresponds to the depth of the tape installed at 0.3 m, recovering $1.27 for each peso invested in crop production. Limitations on study/implications: Water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions is a global problem, so it is necessary to use irrigation methods that make water more efficient without reducing performance. Findings/conclusions: The installation of the irrigation tape at a depth of 0.15 m is recommended, due to the improvement in performance and efficient use of water without affecting the nutritional quality of the forage or the profitability of the crop.Objective: to evaluate the effect of the drip-tape irrigation depth on the efficiency of water use, yield, nutritional quality and profitability of forage maize, a study was established by installing drip-tape at a depths 0.05, 0.15 and 0.30 meters. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: a randomized block experimental design was used. Treatments evaluated consisted of the installation of drip-tape at three depths 0.05, 0.15 and 0.30 m; each treatment in three replicates. The experimental unit was a 15 m2 surface (comprising four 5m-long furrows, with a 0.76 m separation between furrows). Results: results showed that with the drip-tape installed at a depth of 0.15 m, the highest biomass production and water use efficiency were obtained, without modifying the bromatological quality of the forage. However, the best benefit-cost ratio corresponded to the drip-tape installed at 0.3 m, recovering$1.27 for each MXN peso invested in crop production. Limitations/ Implications of the study: water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions is a global problem, so it is necessary to use irrigation methods that make water use more efficient without reducing crop yield. Findings/conclusions: the installation of the drip-tape at a depth of 0.15 m is recommended, due to the improvement in yield and water use efficiency without affecting nutritional quality of the forage or profitability of maize crop

Self-reported diabetes is associated with self-management behaviour: a cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The purposes of this cohort study were to establish how frequently people with physician-diagnosed diabetes self-reported the disease, to determine factors associated with self-reporting of diabetes, and to evaluate subsequent differences in self-management behaviour, health care utilisation and clinical outcomes between people who do and do not report their disease.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We used a registry of physician-diagnosed diabetes as a reference standard. We studied respondents to a 2000/01 population-based health survey who were in the registry (n = 1,812), and we determined the proportion who reported having diabetes during the survey. Baseline factors associated with self-report and subsequent behavioural, utilisation and clinical differences between those who did and did not self-report were defined from the survey responses and from linkage with administrative data sources.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Only 75% of people with physician-diagnosed diabetes reported having the disease. People who did self-report were more likely to be male, to live in rural areas, to have longer disease duration and to have received specialist physician care. People who did not report having diabetes in the survey were markedly less likely to perform capillary blood glucose monitoring in the subsequent two years (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.08). They were also less likely to receive specialist physician care (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.86), and were less likely to require hospital care for hypo- or hyperglycaemia (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.28).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Many people with physician-diagnosed diabetes do not report having the disease, but most demographic and clinical features do not distinguish these individuals. These individuals are much less likely to perform capillary glucose monitoring, suggesting that their diabetes self-management is inadequate. Clinicians may be able to use the absence of glucose monitoring as a screening tool to identify people needing a detailed evaluation of their disease knowledge.</p

Membrane insertion and topology of the translocon-associated protein (TRAP) gamma subunit

Translocon-associated protein (TRAP) complex is intimately associated with the ER translocon for the insertion or translocation of newly synthesised proteins in eukaryotic cells. The TRAP complex is comprised of three single-spanning and one multiple-spanning subunits. We have investigated the membrane insertion and topology of the multiple-spanning TRAP-γ subunit by glycosylation mapping and green fluorescent protein fusions both in vitro and in cell cultures. Results demonstrate that TRAP-γ has four transmembrane (TM) segments, an Nt/Ct cytosolic orientation and that the less hydrophobic TM segment inserts efficiently into the membrane only in the cellular context of full-length protein

Argentine consensus on the diagnosis and therapeutics of treatment resistant schizophrenia

Aproximadamente el 30% de los pacientes con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia no responden al tratamiento con antipsicóticos produciendo una importante carga de la enfermedad. La Esquizofrenia Resistente al Tratamiento (ERT) se define como la falta de respuesta a dos antipsicóticos de diferente clase, administrados en dosis adecuada durante 6 semanas. La clozapina es el único fármaco aprobado para tratar la ERT, sin embargo, uno de cada tres pacientes no responde a este fármaco. Existen algunas estrategias disponibles para el tratamiento de los pacientes con ERT que no responden a la clozapina, pero la evidencia de estas estrategias continua siendo escasa y de mala calidad. En este consenso presentamos el resultado de un trabajo conjunto de expertos pertenecientes a las principales asociaciones científicas de Argentina bajo el auspicio de la Asociación Argentina de Psiquiatría Biología (AAPB). El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar un consenso con recomendaciones sobre el tratamiento de la ERT. Para ello se llevó a cabo una revisión formal de la literatura científica y luego el panel de expertos respondió 35 preguntas sobre los temas más importantes en relación a ERT. Una modificación del método Delphi fue usado para consensuar los aspectos más relevantes sobre ERT, en función de ambas actividades y de la experiencia del panel de expertos, luego se analizaron y se discutieron los resultados obtenidos. Como corolario se elaboró un documento consensuado con recomendaciones sobre los principales puntos de la ERT, el mismo estará disponible para la comunidad científica y para cualquier otro organismo público o privado relacionado con esta problemática de salud.Approximately 30% of people with schizophrenia fail to respond to first-line antipsychotic treatment which impacts the burden of the disease. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia denotes patients with failure to respond to at least two adequate trials of different antipsychotics. Clozapine is a unique drug approved for treating treatment-resistant schizophrenia, however 1/3 of patients fail to respond to clozapine. Even though different strategies have been proposed for treating clozapine-resistant schizophrenia, the evidence is very limited, unclear, and of poor quality. A formal literature search was conducted and then, panel members were asked to complete 35 questions addressing different aspects of ERT. A modified Delphi method was used to unify expert opinion and achieve consensus. The expert consensus in diagnostic and treatment of TRS is the result of experts from the main national scientific societies under the organization of the Argentine Association of Biological Psychiatric AAPB. The consensus statement aims to guide on diagnosis and treatment.Facultad de Ciencias Médica