24 research outputs found
Branched-chain amino acid database integrated in MEDIPAD software as a tool for nutritional investigation of mediterranean populations
Branched-chained amino acids (BCAA) are essential dietary components for humans and can act as potential biomarkers for diabetes development. To efficiently estimate dietary intake, we developed a BCAA database for 1331 food items found in the French Centre d'Information sur la QualitĂ© des Aliments (CIQUAL) food table by compiling BCAA content from international tables, published measurements, or by food similarity as well as by calculating 267 items from Greek, Turkish, Romanian, and Moroccan mixed dishes. The database embedded in MEDIPAD software capable of registering 24 h of dietary recalls (24HDR) with clinical and genetic data was evaluated based on archived 24HDR of the Saint Pierre Institute (France) from 2957 subjects, which indicated a BCAA content up to 4.2 g/100 g of food and differences among normal weight and obese subjects across BCAA quartiles. We also evaluated the database of 119 interviews of Romanians, Turkish and Albanians in Greece (27â»65 years) during the MEDIGENE program, which indicated mean BCAA intake of 13.84 and 12.91 g/day in males and females, respectively, comparable to other studies. The MEDIPAD is user-friendly, multilingual, and secure software and with the BCAA database is suitable for conducting nutritional assessment in the Mediterranean area with particular facilities for food administration
Dual Role for Pilus in Adherence to Epithelial Cells and Biofilm Formation in Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus agalactiae is a common human commensal and a major life-threatening pathogen in neonates. Adherence to host epithelial cells is the first critical step of the infectious process. Pili have been observed on the surface of several gram-positive bacteria including S. agalactiae. We previously characterized the pilus-encoding operon gbs1479-1474 in strain NEM316. This pilus is composed of three structural subunit proteins: Gbs1478 (PilA), Gbs1477 (PilB), and Gbs1474 (PilC), and its assembly involves two class C sortases (SrtC3 and SrtC4). PilB, the bona fide pilin, is the major component; PilA, the pilus associated adhesin, and PilC, are both accessory proteins incorporated into the pilus backbone. We first addressed the role of the housekeeping sortase A in pilus biogenesis and showed that it is essential for the covalent anchoring of the pilus fiber to the peptidoglycan. We next aimed at understanding the role of the pilus fiber in bacterial adherence and at resolving the paradox of an adhesive but dispensable pilus. Combining immunoblotting and electron microscopy analyses, we showed that the PilB fiber is essential for efficient PilA display on the surface of the capsulated strain NEM316. We then demonstrated that pilus integrity becomes critical for adherence to respiratory epithelial cells under flow-conditions mimicking an in vivo situation and revealing the limitations of the commonly used static adherence model. Interestingly, PilA exhibits a von Willebrand adhesion domain (VWA) found in many extracellular eucaryotic proteins. We show here that the VWA domain of PilA is essential for its adhesive function, demonstrating for the first time the functionality of a prokaryotic VWA homolog. Furthermore, the auto aggregative phenotype of NEM316 observed in standing liquid culture was strongly reduced in all three individual pilus mutants. S. agalactiae strain NEM316 was able to form biofilm in microtiter plate and, strikingly, the PilA and PilB mutants were strongly impaired in biofilm formation. Surprisingly, the VWA domain involved in adherence to epithelial cells was not required for biofilm formation
L'obésité infantile. Que fait-on pour la prévenir et la prendre en charge ?
National audienceLâobĂ©sitĂ© infantile est devenue en moins de deux dĂ©cennies un problĂšme de santĂ© publique dans tous les pays dĂ©veloppĂ©s, prĂ©lude probable Ă lâaugmentation de la prĂ©valence de lâobĂ©sitĂ© Ă lâĂąge adulte et son cortĂšge de consĂ©quences mĂ©taboliques et cardiovasculaires. Les dĂ©terminants de lâobĂ©sitĂ© infantile commencent Ă ĂȘtre mieux connus, avec toujours une part dâombre concernant les dĂ©terminants gĂ©nĂ©tiques prĂ©-cis, objet actuel de controverses ayant pour consĂ©quence principale la question non encore rĂ©solue : y a-t-il des sujets Ă risque de devenir obĂšses, et si oui, faut-il rĂ©server la prĂ©vention exclusivement Ă cette population ou doit-on promouvoir une prĂ©vention primaire large destinĂ©e Ă lâensemble de la population ? En outre, puisquâĂ lâĂ©vidence la prise en charge de lâobĂ©sitĂ© infantile dĂ©borde largement le cadre mĂ©dical pour ĂȘtre un vĂ©ritable phĂ©nomĂšne de sociĂ©tĂ©, Ă qui doit-on confier ce rĂŽle de prĂ©vention et de prise en charge ? Le corps mĂ©dical est peu formĂ© Ă ce travail de prĂ©vention ; lâĂ©cole a commencĂ© Ă Ă©baucher des programmes dâĂ©ducation nutritionnelle. Faudra-t-il faire appel Ă dâautres structures
Le diabĂšte de type 2 chez l'enfant et l'adolescent (9 cas d'Ă©tude Ă La RĂ©union)
CAEN-BU MĂ©decine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
Le syndrome de Bardet-Biedl (un autre regard Ă l'Ăźle de la RĂ©union)
Retrouvé plus fréquemment qu'ailleurs sur ce territoire français de l'Océan Indien, le syndrome de Bardet-Biedl est une affection orpheline qui sévit silencieusement ici depuis plusieurs générations avec de lourdes conséquences d'isolement social. L'évolutivité de la maladie est dramatique ; la déficience visuelle progressive et inexorable est au premier plan d'une symptomatologie multiple et hétérogÚne. Si un tel isolat géographique peuplé depuis seulement 400 ans a trÚs certainement contribué à favoriser le développement de cette affection génétique, d autres facteurs, tels l histoire et la culture métissée de l ßle, ont aussi accompagné notre réflexion. C est à travers la rencontre de 16 familles réunionnaises que nous avons découvert la grande diversité clinique de ce syndrome. Et s il est nécessaire, pour affirmer le diagnostic, de rassembler 4 symptÎmes majeurs (obésité, polydactylie, hypogénitalisme, atteinte rénale, et plus tardivement rétinopathie pigmentaire) , une multitude d autres symptÎmes mineurs peuvent coexister. Depuis une trentaine d année, les généticiens se sont intéressés au syndrome de Bardet-Biedl pour découvrir progressivement 12 mutations génétiques responsables de la pathologie dans 75% des cas, mais ces études sont rendues complexes de part l hérédité triallélique parfois rencontrée. A la Réunion, il serait utile d analyser le génome de ces familles pour apporter un éclairage sur une éventuelle mutation de novo, d autant plus que le phénotype semble relativement homogÚne. Les recherches génétiques déjà réalisées sur l ßle pour d autres maladies spécifiques, couplées aux recherches anthropologiques, nous encouragent à poursuivre le travail dans ce sens. Outre la nécessité d une prise en charge multidisciplinaire, les espoirs thérapeutiques reposent sur la correction des troubles visuels, mais les greffes de rétine et autres techniques chirurgicales sont encore à l étude. DÚs lors, qu'advient-il des adultes qui, une fois sortis des structures réservées aux jeunes déficients visuels, se trouvent confrontés à la lourde réalité d'un monde inadapté à leur handicap ? A travers notre étude à l'ßle de la Réunion sur le syndrome de Bardet-Biedl, nous vous invitons à porter UN AUTRE REGARD sur la maladie.NANTES-BU Médecine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocSudocFranceF
L'obésite infantile à la Réunion (que donne une prise en charge conjointe hÎpital-médecin traitant?)
LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF
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Long term treatment of male and female precocious puberty by periodic administration of a long-acting preparation of D-Trp6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone microcapsules.
The efficacy and safety of a delayed release formulation of the LHRH agonist D-Trp6-LHRH (LHRH-A; im microcapsules) were tested in 16 girls, 0.9-8.8 yr old, and 10 boys, 2.0-10.5 yr old, with precocious puberty. All children had advanced bone age, breast or testis enlargement, and a pubertal LH response to LHRH. Precocious puberty was idiopathic in 19 subjects and secondary to a brain tumor or other central nervous system abnormality in 7. Nine girls and 6 boys had been previously treated unsuccessfully with medroxyprogesterone and/or cyproterone acetate. The microcapsules were made of 2% LHRH-A dispersed in a biocompatible biodegradable polymeric matrix of DL-lactide-coglycolide. Sixty micrograms of LHRH-A/kg BW were given im on days 1 and 21 and thereafter every 4 weeks for 10-27 months. Plasma LHRH-A levels were measured in 13 children by means of a specific RIA. On days 3, 7, 14, and 21, mean concentrations (+/- SEM) were 295 +/- 44, 218 +/- 31, 215 +/- 45, and 224 +/- 39 pg/ml, respectively. In girls, breast enlargement disappeared, and mean uterus size decreased from 44.4 +/- 2.5 to 38.1 +/- 3.1 mm (mean +/- SEM; P less than 0.02) within 6 months. Mean ovary length decreased from 23.0 +/- 1.5 to 16.2 +/- 1.5 mm (P less than 0.01). In boys, mean testis volume decreased from 8.1 +/- 1.2 to 6.7 +/- 1.2 ml (P less than 0.02) within 6 months. In both sexes, growth velocity decreased significantly, and bone maturation was generally reduced. Plasma levels of estradiol or testosterone and FSH levels decreased significantly within 3 weeks. The LH response to LHRH was reduced to normal prepubertal values after 7 weeks. No secondary clinical or biochemical escape occurred. In 1 boy, all biological features of puberty recurred within 1 month after omission of the fifth injection. No side-effects occurred, except for transient vaginal bleeding in girls after the first or second injection. No antibodies to LHRH-A were detected in the patients' sera. This study demonstrates the ability of a delayed release formulation of LHRH-A to achieve stable levels of the drug in plasma for at least 21 days after a single im injection and to suppress pituitary and gonadal secretion and pituitary response to LHRH for as long as 2 yr after therapy. This treatment appears to be more efficient in treating both clinical and biochemical abnormalities than does treatment with inhibitory steroids. Additionally, the method of administration is more practical and ensures better patient compliance
Insulin injection regimens and metabolic control in an international survey of adolescents with type 1 diabetes over 3 years: Results from the Hvidore study group
SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Persistent differences among centers over 3 years in glycemic control and hypoglycemia in a study of 3,805 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes from the hvidĂžre study group
SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe