Tree-based Water Footprint Assessment on Established Oil Palm Plantation in North Sumatera, Indonesia

In a long life cycle of oil palm plantation, sustainable water management is mandatory because irrigation is rarely applied. In order to develop water management for sustainable palm oil production, tree-based water footprint of well-established oil palm plantation was assessed. Field data were collected from February to June 2016 in Dolok Ilir managed by PTPN IV, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Additional data were obtained from interviews on the site and the surrounding estates, reports and references. Results showed that water footprint (WF) for production of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) was 510.69 m3 tonne-1 and crude palm oil (CPO) was 517.79 m3 tonne-1. Green, blue and grey water contributed 94.78%, 0.71% and 4.50% in FFB, and 93.48%, 1.66% and 4.85% in CPO productions, respectively. All green WF was calculated basen on actual value of tree evapotranspiration, therefore, the value was mostly lower than other researchs. Low amount of blue water indicates that the oil palm tree in North Sumatera extracts low amount of ground water. On the other hand, grey water for pollution dilution of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides were high, i.e., 15.15 m3, 4.77 m3, 3.07 m3 tonne-1 FFB, respectively. It implies that reduction of grey water should be implemented in the near future through precission farming

Tree-based Water Footprint Assessment on Established Oil Palm Plantation in North Sumatera, Indonesia

ABSTRACTIn a long life cycle of oil palm plantation, sustainable water management is mandatory because irrigation is rarely applied. In order to develop water management for sustainable palm oil production, tree-based water footprint of well-established oil palm plantation was assessed. Field data were collected from February to June 2016 in Dolok Ilir managed by PTPN IV, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Additional data were obtained from interviews on the site and the surrounding estates, reports and references. Results showed that water footprint (WF) for production of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) was 510.69 m3 tonne-1 and crude palm oil (CPO) was 517.79 m3 tonne-1. Green, blue and grey water contributed 94.78%, 0.71% and 4.50% in FFB, and 93.48%, 1.66% and 4.85% in CPO productions, respectively. All green WF was calculated basen on actual value of tree evapotranspiration, therefore, the value was mostly lower than other researchs. Low amount of blue water indicates that the oil palm tree in North Sumatera extracts low amount of ground water. On the other hand, grey water for pollution dilution of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides were high, i.e., 15.15 m3, 4.77 m3, 3.07 m3 tonne-1 FFB, respectively. It implies that reduction of grey water should be implemented in the near future through precission farming.Keywords: CPO, Elaeis guineensis, precission farming, sustainable production, water footprint<br /

Nutritional Status of Children in Three Pre-elementary Schools in Medan, North Sumatera Abstract

Anthropometric measurements have been taken on 162 children of Methodist, Dharma Wanita USU and Aisyiah pre-elementary schools in Medan to assess their nutritional status. This study was done cross sectionally from january to February 1990. The nutritional status of those children were then compared among those schools with the assumption that father's income and educational level of mothers were different. By the parameters of W!A, HI A. q.nd WIH it showed that the nutritional status of children in the pre-elementary schools were generally quite good. Using parameters W/A and W/H there was a significant difference between the children in Methodist and in Aisyiah (p <0.001). University graduated mothers could be found in Dharma Wan ita USU, whereas in Methodist and Aisyiah pre-elementary schools the mothers were mostly secondary high school graduates. Father's income above Rp. 150.000,- could be found in Methodist pre-elementary school subsequently followed by Dharma Wanita USU pre-elementary schools, whereas in A isyiah pre-elementary school the father's income was mostly between Rp. 100.000,and Rp. 149.999,-. By using the Water/ow classification we found 9.88% children with acute Protein Calorie Malnutrition, whereas chronic Protein Calorie Malnutrition only 2.46%. The nutritional status of children in the three pre-elementary schools could be concluded as good