Towards a Bell-Kochen-Specker theorem of identity

In contrast to conventional, dynamical entanglement, in which particles with definite identity have uncertain properties, in so-called statistical entanglement, which arises between indistinguishable particles because of quantum symmetry rules, even particle identities are uncertain. The Bell and Kochen-Specker theorems imply that quantum properties either lack realism or possess it with a caveat of contextuality or nonlocality. In the matter of identity of multi-particle states of indistinguishable particles, these contrasting ontological attitudes are mirrored by the "bundle" vs. haecceity views. We offer some arguments aimed at importing the above theorems to the issue of identity in quantum theory, with the conclusion (under certain assumptions) that indistinguishable particles either lack individualism or possess a definite identity with a caveat of contextuality or nonlocality.Comment: 3 page

Van der Waerden's Colouring Theorem and Classical Spin Systems

We find a non-invertible matrix representation for Van der Waerden's colouring theorem for two distinct colours in a one dimensional periodic lattice. Using this,an infinite one dimensional antiferromagnetic Ising system is mapped to a pseudo-ferromagnetic one, thereby relating the couplings. All this is reminiscent of renormalisation group.Comment: Latex, 10 page

Spacetime Dependent Lagrangians and Electrogravity Duality

We apply the spacetime dependent lagrangian formalism [1] to the action in general relativity. We obtain a Barriola-Vilenkin type monopole solution by exploiting theelectrogravity duality of the vacuum Einstein equations and using a modified definition of empty space. An {\it upper bound} is obtained on the monopole mass ${\tt M}$, ${\tt M}\leq e^{(1-\alpha)/\alpha}/(1-\alpha)^{2}{\tt G}$ where $\alpha = 2k$ is the global monopole charge. Keywords: global monopole, electrogravity duality, holographic principle. PACS: 11.15.-q, 11.27.+d, 14.80.Hv, 04.Comment: 4 pages, late

Confronting K\"ahler moduli inflation with CMB data

In models of inflation obtained from string compactification, moduli vacuum misalignment leads to an epoch in the post-inflationary history of the universe when the energy density is dominated by cold moduli particles. This effect leads to a modification in the number of $e$-foldings ($N_{\rm pivot}$) between horizon exit of the CMB modes and the end of inflation. Taking K\"ahler moduli inflation as a prototype, the shift in $e$-foldings turns out to be a function of the model parameters which also determines the inflationary observables. We analyse this scenario numerically using publicly available {\sc{ModeChord}} and {\sc{CosmoMC}} with the latest \emph{Planck+BICEP2/Keck array} data to constrain the model parameters and $N_{\rm pivot}$. In light of the present and future precision data, the results show the importance of careful consideration of any post-inflationary non-standard epoch, as well as of the effects of reheating.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, new section added with analysis for different values of the equation of state during reheating, references added. PRD published versio

Self-organized synthesis of patterned magnetic nanostructures with in-plane and perpendicular to the plane magnetization

Patterned arrays of ferromagnetic nanoparticles of Co, Ni, and Fe_{\text{50}} Co_{\text{50}} have been synthesized from their ultrathin metal films on SiO_{\text{2}} substrate by nanosecond laser-induced self-organization. The morphology, nanostructure, and magnetic behavior of the nanoparticle arrays were investigated by a combination of electron, atomic force, and magnetic force microscopy techniques. Transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed a granular polycrystalline nanostructure, with the number of grains inside the nanoparticle increasing with their diameter. Magnetic force measurements showed that the magnetization direction of the Co and Ni nanoparticles was predominantly out-of-plane while those for the Fe_{\text{50}}Co_{\text{50}} alloy was in the plane of the substrate. This difference in behavior is due to the dominating influence of magnetostrictive energy on the magnetization as a result of residual thermal strain following fast laser processing. Since the magnetostriction coefficient is negative for polycrystalline Co and Ni, and positive for Fe_{\text{50}}Co_{\text{50}}, the tensile residual strain forces the magnetization direction of the negative magnetostriction materials out-of-plane and the positive magnetostriction materials in-plane. This demonstrates a cost-effective non-epitaxial technique for the fabrication of patterned arrays of magnetic nanoparticles with tailored magnetization orientations.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figure

Thermodynamic potential for quark-gluon plasma with finite quark masses and chemical potential

We summarize the derivation of the finite temperature, finite chemical potential thermodynamic potential in the bag-model approximation to quantum chromodynamics (QCD) that includes a finite $s$-quark mass in the Feynman diagram contributions for both zero-order and two-loop corrections to the quark interaction. The thermodynamic potential for quarks in QCD is a desired ingredient for computations of the equation of state in the early universe, supernovae, neutron stars, and heavy-ion collisions. The 2-loop contributions are normally divergent and become even more difficult in the limit of finite quark masses and finite chemical potential. We introduce various means to interpolate between the low and high chemical potential limits. Although physically well motivated, we show that the infinite series Pad\'e rational polynomial interpolation scheme introduces spurious poles. Nevertheless, we show that lower order interpolation schemes such as polynomial interpolation reproduce the Pad\'e result without the presence of spurious poles. We propose that in this way one can determine the equation of state for the two-loop corrections for arbitrary chemical potential, temperature and quark mass. This provides a new realistic bag-model treatment of the QCD equation of state. We compute the QCD phase diagram with up to the two-loop corrections. We show that the two-loop corrections decrease the pressure of the quark-gluon plasma and therefore increase the critical temperature and chemical potential of the phase transition. We also show, however, that the correction for finite $s$-quark mass in the two-loop correction serves to decrease the critical temperature for the quark-hadron phase transition in the early universe.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, Matches published versio

Evidence for Planck-scale resonant particle production during inflation from the CMB power spectrum

The power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background from both the {\it Planck} and {\it WMAP} data exhibits a slight dip for multipoles in the range of $l= 10-30$. We show that such a dip could be the result of the resonant creation of massive particles that couple to the inflaton field. For our best-fit models, the epoch of resonant particle creation reenters the horizon at a wave number of $k_* \sim 0.0011 \pm 0.0004$ ($h$ Mpc$^{-1}$). The amplitude and location of this feature corresponds to the creation of a number of degenerate fermion species of mass $\sim (8-11) /\lambda^{3/2}$ $m_{pl}$ during inflation where $\lambda \sim (1.0 \pm 0.5) N^{-2/5}$ is the coupling constant between the inflaton field and the created fermion species, while $N$ is the number of degenerate species. Although the evidence is of marginal statistical significance, this could constitute new observational hints of unexplored physics beyond the Planck scaleComment: 6 pages, 1 figure , Fourteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting, July, 2015. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1508.0121

Limits on Brane-World and Particle Dark Radiation from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the CMB

The term dark radiation is used both to describe a noninteracting neutrino species and as a correction to the Friedmann Equation in the simplest five-dimensional RS-II brane-world cosmology. In this paper we consider the constraints on both meanings of dark radiation based upon the newest results for light-element nuclear reaction rates, observed light-element abundances and the power spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Adding dark radiation during big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) alters the Friedmann expansion rate causing the nuclear reactions to freeze out at a different temperature. This changes the final light element abundances at the end of BBN. Its influence on the CMB is to change the effective expansion rate at the surface of last scattering. We find that the BBN constraint reduces the allowed range for both types of dark radiation at 10 Mev to between $-12.1\%$ and $+6.2\%$ of the {\bf total} background energy density at 10 Mev. Combining this result with fits to the CMB power spectrum, produces different results for particle vs. brane-world dark radiation. In the brane-world, the range decreases to $-6.0\%$ to $+6.2\%$. Thus, we find, that the ratio of dark radiation to the background total relativistic mass energy density $\rho_{\rm DR}/\rho$ is consistent with zero although there remains a very slight preference for a positive (rather than negative) contribution.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1607.0685

Possible Evidence for Planck-Scale Resonant Particle Production during Inflation from the CMB Power Spectrum

The power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background from both the Planck and WMAP data exhibits a slight dip in for multipoles in the range of l=10-30. We show that such a dip could be the result of resonant creation of a massive particle that couples to the inflaton field. For our best-fit models, epochs of resonant particle creation reenters the horizon at wave numbers of k* ~ 0.00011 (h/Mpc). The amplitude and location of these features correspond to the creation of a number of degenerate fermion species of mass ~ 15 times the planck mass during inflation with a coupling constant between the inflaton field and the created fermion species of near unity. Although the evidence is marginal, if this interpretation is correct, this could be one of the first observational hints of new physics at the Planck scale.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:astro-ph/0406046. Updated mass estimat

Construction of Lagrangians Exhibiting Duality

Electromagnetic duality seems to be a fundamental principle of nature. Although there exist a lot of work on various aspects of duality, a general derivation from the lagrangian formalism has been elusive except that of Gaillard and Zumino [1] who showed that duality follows from certain transformation properties of a lagrangian. Here, starting from lagrangian field theory and the variational principle, we show that duality can be obtained by introducing explicit spacetime dependence of the lagrangian. As illustrations, we show how one can understand (1) the Dirac string solution and (2) the t'Hooft-Polyakov monopole solution. We also outline a procedure for obtaining new classical solutions of Yang-Mills theory