Synthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by callus cultures and in vitro derived plants of Catharanthus roseus

This study highlights the development of a biological method to synthesize silver nanoparticles using the aqueous leaf, callus, and root extracts of in vitro derived plants of Catharanthus roseus. The antibacterial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles was assessed against different clinical samples such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans. The highest antibacterial activity was noticed with stabilized silver nanoparticles against all the tested pathogens. Silver nanoparticles synthesized in this process are quiet fast and low cost. Therefore, current study justified the development of eco-friendly process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts which is an important step in the field of application of nanotechnology. This green chemistry has many advantages such as, quick production, cost effective and easy way to produce nanoparticles

Detection of Glutathione S-Transferase gene (GST2, GST3) during induction of somatic embryogenesis in grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are an important group of multifunctional enzymes that belong to diverse multigene families. In plants these enzymes are involved in the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds, herbicide detoxification, and primary and secondary metaboplism and play an important role in plant growth and development. There are several reports that show that the expression of GST is linked to the developmental phases of somatic embryogenesis. This study highlights the detection of transcript abundances of glutathione S-transferase genes GST2 and GST3 in the process of somatic embryogenesis of Vitis vinifera, and the lack thereof in non-embryogenic tissue of leaf cultures of grape (control). These results indicate that the expression of GST2 and GST3 could be used as a molecular signal for the identification of embryogenic cultures during the early development of somatic embryos