Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Basal Bi-Cortical Screw Implants in Freshly Extracted Tooth Socket

BACKGROUND: Basal implantology also known as bi cortical implantology or just cortical implantology is a modern implantology system which utilizes the basal cortical portion of the jaw bones for retention of the dental implants. The basal bone provides excellent quality cortical bone for retention of these unique and highly advanced implants. As basal implantology includes the application of the rules of orthopedic surgery, the basal implants are also called as “orthopedic implant”. The traditional implants use the alveolar bone, this type of bone is lost after teeth are removed and decreases throughout life as function reduces. The basal bone is always present throughout life, it is very strong and forms the stress bearing part of our skeleton. Basal implants can be loaded immediately after immediate placement of the implant in a freshly extracted tooth socket. Basal bi cortical screw implants are flapless implants and are inserted through the gums without giving a single cut, inserted like a conventional implant. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical and radiological parameters of basal bi-cortical screw implants placed in freshly extracted tooth socket based on the following criteria’s: 1. Primary stability of the implant at the time of implant placement. 2. Evaluation of pain during implant placement using VAS. 3. Evaluation of bone width and bone height using cone beam computed tomography. 4. Evaluation of bone loss in mesial and distal aspect of the implant using cone beam computed tomography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study populations are selected from the outpatient section of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Tamil nadu Govt. Dental College and hospital, Chennai. Study design is clinical trial and sampling method is simple random sampling and sample size is 10 implants. Average age of the patient selected 35 years [range 25- 55 years] followed 6, 9 and 12 months. Clinically healthy patient without any systemic disease which could contraindicate a surgical procedure & alter bone healing are selected. Pre-surgically evaluated patients with OPG, CBCT, IOPA. RESULTS: The study has been conducted in 4 patients with a mean age of 44.5±6.15 and male: female ratio of 70:30 with a total of 10 basal bi-cortical screw implants. The patients were followed for a period of six months and the clinical and radiological parameters were recorded. All the ten basal bi-cortical screw implants were placed in the freshly extracted tooth socket and no evidence of early failures or complications. The post-operative healing of implant surgery was uneventful. The patients showed good compliance and satisfaction as the extracted teeth were replaced at the same day of the surgery with a temporary crown and permanent crown within 72 hours of the surgery. All 10 implants had good primary stability with mean value of 55Ncm. All 10 implants had minimal marginal bone loss and minimal loss in bone width. The post-operative pain was minimal and all 4 patients were comfortable with the procedure. CONCLUSION: In our present study of 10 BCS implants placed in 4 patients immediately into freshly extracted tooth sockets and loaded immediately within 72 hours had good primary stability with a mean value of 55Ncm and minimal marginal bone loss and less pain perception. This indicates good success rate of the BCS implants placed in the above patients. Basal bi-cortical screw implants had good success rate in patients with immediate extraction and immediate placement of implants with immediate loading of prosthesis. BCS implants can be placed in severely atrophied jaws without need of bone grafts with good stability where conventional implants could not be placed. Though we had a good success rates of BCS implants in our present study, the sample size was small and the follow up period was short. Therefore, we require large randomized clinical trials to further evaluate the successful outcome of basal bi-cortical screw implants placed in freshly extracted tooth sockets

Automated Accidental Precautions in Public Transportation Management System

This paper aims at different types of transportation problems by presenting a proper management process to improve the public transportation management system. In modern era, the accidents and the indifference makes the major death rate, this is because of the lagging of immediate precautionary actions. In order to decrease the death rate and also to improve the immediate measures for the effect is proposed by using the method of IoT. In this system, every bus contains GPS to track the bus if it met with an accident, crash sensor and pressure sensor is also used to check whether the bus dashed with other vehicles or not and piezo sensor is to check if the bus roll down due to any mechanical failures. The level of accident at the hazardous weather that is, the wind flow at hills station makes an unstable condition for the transportation system. Basically, in hill areas the wind flowin every day is unpredictable one and a challengeable one. To avoid those risky factors, we implemented cruise control which accommodate the speed limit of the vehicles according to the pre-moving vehicles

Magnetic Frustration in a Mn Honeycomb Lattice Induced by Mn-O-O-Mn Pathways

We investigated the electronic structure of layered Mn oxide Bi3Mn4O12(NO3) with a Mn honeycomb lattice by x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The valence of Mn was determined to be 4+ with a small charge-transfer energy. We estimated the values of superexchange interactions up to the fourth nearest neighbors (J1, J2, J3, and J4) by unrestricted Hartree-Fock calculations and a perturbation method. We found that the absolute values of J1 through J4 are similar with positive (antiferromagnetic) J1 and J4, and negative (ferromagnetic) J2 and J3, due to Mn-O-O-Mn pathways activated by the smallness of charge-transfer energy. The negative J3 provides magnetic frustration in the honeycomb lattice to prevent long-range ordering.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

A Review of Metallothionein Isoforms and their Role in Pathophysiology

The Metallothionein (MT) is a protein which has several interesting biological effects and has been demonstrated increase focus on the role of MT in various biological systems in the past three decades. The studies on the role of MT were limited with few areas like apoptosis and antioxidants in selected organs even fifty years after its discovery. Now acknowledge the exploration of various isoforms of MT such as MT-I, MT-II, MT-III and MT-IV and other isoforms in various biological systems

Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of chewing tobacco use in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Interpretation Chewing tobacco remains a substantial public health problem in several regions of the world, and predominantly in south Asia. We found little change in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use between 1990 and 2019, and that control efforts have had much larger effects on the prevalence of smoking tobacco use than on chewing tobacco use in some countries. Mitigating the health effects of chewing tobacco requires stronger regulations and policies that specifically target use of chewing tobacco, especially in countries with high prevalence. Findings In 2019, 273 center dot 9 million (95% uncertainty interval 258 center dot 5 to 290 center dot 9) people aged 15 years and older used chewing tobacco, and the global age-standardised prevalence of chewing tobacco use was 4 center dot 72% (4 center dot 46 to 5 center dot 01). 228 center dot 2 million (213 center dot 6 to 244 center dot 7; 83 center dot 29% [82 center dot 15 to 84 center dot 42]) chewing tobacco users lived in the south Asia region. Prevalence among young people aged 15-19 years was over 10% in seven locations in 2019. Although global agestandardised prevalence of smoking tobacco use decreased significantly between 1990 and 2019 (annualised rate of change: -1 center dot 21% [-1 center dot 26 to -1 center dot 16]), similar progress was not observed for chewing tobacco (0 center dot 46% [0 center dot 13 to 0 center dot 79]). Among the 12 highest prevalence countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, Sri Lanka, and Yemen), only Yemen had a significant decrease in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use, which was among males between 1990 and 2019 (-0 center dot 94% [-1 center dot 72 to -0 center dot 14]), compared with nine of 12 countries that had significant decreases in the prevalence of smoking tobacco. Among females, none of these 12 countries had significant decreases in prevalence of chewing tobacco use, whereas seven of 12 countries had a significant decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking use for the period. Summary Background Chewing tobacco and other types of smokeless tobacco use have had less attention from the global health community than smoked tobacco use. However, the practice is popular in many parts of the world and has been linked to several adverse health outcomes. Understanding trends in prevalence with age, over time, and by location and sex is important for policy setting and in relation to monitoring and assessing commitment to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Methods We estimated prevalence of chewing tobacco use as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 using a modelling strategy that used information on multiple types of smokeless tobacco products. We generated a time series of prevalence of chewing tobacco use among individuals aged 15 years and older from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories, including age-sex specific estimates. We also compared these trends to those of smoked tobacco over the same time period. Findings In 2019, 273 & middot;9 million (95% uncertainty interval 258 & middot;5 to 290 & middot;9) people aged 15 years and older used chewing tobacco, and the global age-standardised prevalence of chewing tobacco use was 4 & middot;72% (4 & middot;46 to 5 & middot;01). 228 & middot;2 million (213 & middot;6 to 244 & middot;7; 83 & middot;29% [82 & middot;15 to 84 & middot;42]) chewing tobacco users lived in the south Asia region. Prevalence among young people aged 15-19 years was over 10% in seven locations in 2019. Although global age standardised prevalence of smoking tobacco use decreased significantly between 1990 and 2019 (annualised rate of change: -1 & middot;21% [-1 & middot;26 to -1 & middot;16]), similar progress was not observed for chewing tobacco (0 & middot;46% [0 & middot;13 to 0 & middot;79]). Among the 12 highest prevalence countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, Sri Lanka, and Yemen), only Yemen had a significant decrease in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use, which was among males between 1990 and 2019 (-0 & middot;94% [-1 & middot;72 to -0 & middot;14]), compared with nine of 12 countries that had significant decreases in the prevalence of smoking tobacco. Among females, none of these 12 countries had significant decreases in prevalence of chewing tobacco use, whereas seven of 12 countries had a significant decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking use for the period. Interpretation Chewing tobacco remains a substantial public health problem in several regions of the world, and predominantly in south Asia. We found little change in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use between 1990 and 2019, and that control efforts have had much larger effects on the prevalence of smoking tobacco use than on chewing tobacco use in some countries. Mitigating the health effects of chewing tobacco requires stronger regulations and policies that specifically target use of chewing tobacco, especially in countries with high prevalence. Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon in a neonate of life- and limb-threatening nature: A case report

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma involving whole of a leg in a neonate with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon causing limb and life-threatening situation has not been reported. One such case and its successful management is presented in this case report. Literature review is made

Heteroatom influence on the π-facial selectivity of Diels-Alder cycloadditions to 1-Oxa-4-thia-6-vinylspiro[4.5]dec-6-ene, 3-methoxy-3-methyl-2-vinylcyclohexene, and 3-methoxy-2-vinylcyclohexene

The facial selectivities of the Diels-Alder cycloadditions of several dienophiles to the title substrates were studied. The observed selectivities are interpreted as a consequence of the relative steric interactions offered by the substituents. The addition of dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate (DMAD) is influenced by the electrostatic repulsion arising from the interaction of an electron pair orbital on the acetal oxygen and the orthogonal p-orbital of the acetylene unit in DMAD in the syn-to-oxygen addition of the latter. This repulsion is offset on coordination of Li<SUP>+</SUP> to the said oxygen electron pair orbital, and the addition thus proceeds syn to oxygen. The enhanced and accelerated syn-to-oxygen addition in lithium perchlorate in nitromethane is interpreted as a consequence of the coordination of Li<SUP>+</SUP> to both the acetal oxygen and a heteroatom in the dienophile that brings them in close proximity to facilitate a reaction. The Li<SUP>+</SUP>-oxygen combination, however, also exerts some steric effect that results in reduced syn-to-oxygen addition of dienophiles having large substituents such as N-phenylmaleimide