IN VITRO EVALUATION OF PARTIALLY PURIFIED ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES FROM LICHEN LEPTOGIUM PAPILLOSUM

ABSTRACTObjective: In this study, the enzyme activity of the partially purified six different antioxidant enzymes (AEs) of Leptogium papillosum such assuperoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), glutathione transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) was carried out.Methods: Ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography were the three different methods performed topurify the six different AEs from L. papillosum. The antioxidant enzyme activity of the purified extracts was determined in vitro by the followingstandard procedure of SOD, CAT, POD, PPO, GST, and GPx.Results and Conclusion: The results revealed that there was a significant increase (p<0.001) in the specific activity of purified fractions of all theenzymes with a corresponding increase in the purification fold. The comparable activity of PPO and GST were determined using cluster analysis usingshort linkage distance. Principal component analysis indicated that SOD contributed primarily to the total variation in the AEs among allthe other fractions with the specific activity of 21.70 U/mg by attaining the purification fold of 5.91. Thus, our findings suggested that the purifiedAEs of L. papillosum possess potent antioxidant defense machinery by scavenging free radical population. Moreover, SOD was played a major role ofcapturing free radical by having highest enzyme activity followed by GST and CAT.DEAE-celluloseKeywords: Antioxidant enzymes, Cluster analysis, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, Lichen, Leptogium papillosum, Principal componentanalysis

IN VITRO ASSESSSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACTS FROM LICHEN RAMALINA NERVULOSA

Objective: The purpose of the existent study is to assess the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts of Ramalina nervulosa. Methods: Folin ciocalteu's and Aluminium chloride method were used for total phenolic and flavonoid content estimation respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through free radical scavenging activity by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric ions reducing antioxidant potential), cupric ion chelation ability. Agar diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial capacity. GC-MS analysis was carried out to identify the presence of compounds in the extracts.Results: Ethanol extracts exhibited that the highest zone of inhibition with Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and with two fungal strains such as Fusarium oxyparum and Penicillium notatum. The extract also has high inhibition capacity of 64.29% and 62.49% towards DPPH and Cu2+ion respectively. But the aqueous extract showed higher amount of phenolic and flavonoid content of about 211.40 mg GAE/g dw and 50.72 mg QE/g dw respectively and Fe2+ ion reducing capacity of about 144.41 mol ascorbic acid equivalent/g db. Further analysis of GC-MS showed the presence of various bioactive molecules present in the lichen Ramalina nervulosa.Conclusion: The results of FRAP assay were positively correlated with the total phenolic and flavonoid content. Ethanol extracts of R. nervulosa showed promising antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities which can be considered as the potent source of antioxidant product and offer protection from oxidative stress under many pathophysiological conditions.Â

Studies on Antioxidant and Anti-obesity Activity of Salvia hispanica (Chia) Seeds Extracts

Obesity is a condition in which large amount of fat is stored in adipose tissue. Obesity is the greatest risk for many diseases like coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes millions associated with insulin resistance, arthritis disorder, hypertension and cancers. Currently, the available drugs for obesity have been associated with number of side effects when compared with allopathic drugs. Salvia hispanica was one of the member of Lamiaceae family, collected to study the antiobesity activity. Extraction of Salvia hispanica using different solvents was done and tested for the presence of phytochemical constituents and the antimicrobial activity was monitored to evaluate the zone of inhibition. Further, antioxidant potential activity such as DPPH, FRAP and H2O2 assay was studied. Percentage of inhibition of Salvia hispanica was calculated and was observed as in capturing the free radicals present in the body. The surface and cross-sectional morphology Salvia hispanica extract nanoparticles was examined by using SEM. High ALA content make chia a perfect as it is associated with lower incidence of Cardiovascular diseases. This metabolic syndrome is mediated by inflammatory pathways. Hence, the in vitro activity of anti-inflammatory assay was performed by inhibition of albumin denaturation and anti-obesity activity was performed by lipase inhibition assay. Thus the result indicates that the seed extracts of Salvia hispanica possess antiobesity activity. Keywords: Salvia hispanica, anti-obesity, cholesterol, Antioxidant, lipase inhibitio