Haemodynamic effects of intrathecal dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine intraoperatively and for postoperative analgesia

Background: For lower abdomen and lower limb surgery, spinal anaesthesia is most common modality used in routine. This study was conducted on 50 ASA 1 and 2 planned for lower limb and lower abdomen surgery.Methods: 50 patients of ASA 1 and 2 scheduled for lower limb and lower abdominal surgery were selected. Each patient received 4 milliliter volume of 0.75% isobaric ropivacaine + 5 microgram dexmedetomidine. At the intervals of 1 minute, 2 minute, 5 minute, 10 minute, 20 minute, 30 minute and 1 hour, 2 hour and 3 hour reading of pulse rate and blood pressure were recorded. Postoperatively, pain scores were recorded by using Visual Analogue Scale.Results: There were no significant changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after induction. The combination of ropivacaine and dexmedetomidine provided better postoperative analgesia and reduced requirement of diclofenac injection in first 24 hour.Conclusions: The patients showed excellent hemodynamic stability and postoperative analgesia to ropivacaine + dexmedetomidine. Thus it is a safe modality for lower limb and lower abdomen surgery as far as haemodynamic effects and postoperative analgesia is concerned

STUDY OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTION IN ANAESTHESIA PRACTICE

Introduction: Adverse drug reaction generally occurs on re-exposure to a specific antigen and requires the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, but it can also occur on first exposure, because there is cross-reactivity among many commercial products and drugs. Thus present study was aimed to study the incidence of adverse drug reactions, and to identify common drugs, that causes adverse drug reaction. Methodology: Patients included in study were all age groups undergoing different types of surgery under anaesthesia from June 2006 to October 2008 at civil hospital, Ahmedabad. Total 77 patients included in the study were examined preoperatively and history noted in proforma. Perioperatively any type of localized or generalized reactions of any organ system involved also noted. Results: Majority of the patients had reactions due to muscle relaxants (20.77%) followed by colloids (19.48%). Haemacele was most common 9.09%, among all colloids causing ADR. Among IV induction agent thiopental (6.49%) was most common followed by Propofol (5.19%). Bronchospasm was the most common reaction occurring about (37.66%) of the patients. Urticaria (23.37%), Rigors (12.98%), Hypotension (9.09%) and others like rash, itching, collapse, convulsion etc, occur in (16.78%). Conclusion: Drugs involved in adverse drug reactions were Muscle relaxants, Colloids, I.V induction agents, Antibiotics, BT, Rantac, Emset and other drugs like local anesthetics, methyl methacrylate cement used in replacement surgeries causes reaction. Muscle relaxants, IV induction agents, colloids are the most common anesthetic drugs or substances that may lead to anaphylaxis

A remarkable new genus of Thripinae (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) without anteocellar setae from India

Nandithrips pouzolziae gen. et sp. nov. (Thripidae, Thripinae) is described from the flowers of Pouzolzia petandra subsp. wightii (Urticaceae) found in Nandi hills, Karnataka, India. This new genus is characterised by an apomorphy, ocellar setae pairs I and II are both absent, and also has a unique discontinuous pore plate distribution, with a single circular or oval pore plate medially on abdominal sternites II and V–VII of males. Partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mtCOI) gene sequence of N. pouzolziae was sequenced and the annotated sequence was submitted to NCBI GenBank

Enhancement of Solubility of Artemisinin and Curcumin by Co-Solvency Approach for Application in Parenteral Drug Delivery System

The aim of present study was to enhance solubility of poorly soluble antimalarial drugs, Artemisinin and Curcumin by adopting  Co-solvency approach and to develop parenteral aqueous injectable solution. Solubility enhancement of both drugs was achieved using co-solvency approach. The parenteral injection was prepared by using a ternary co-solvent system which comprised of benzyl alcohol, PEG 400 and tween 80 (as surfactant). Solubility of Artemisinin and Curcumin was found to be higher in benzyl alcohol and PEG 400. Co-solvent system comprising of  benzyl alcohol, PEG 400 and tween 80 in volume fraction of 0.3, 0.9 and 0.2 respectively showed the minimum required solubility of Artemisinin (90 mg per ml) and Curcumin (180 mg per ml). The parenteral injectable formulation was characterized for pH, clarity, viscosity, osmolarity and sterility and the stated parameters were found in acceptable range.  In-vitro erythrocyte toxicity study showed that intravenous administration of optimized formulation will be safe. In-vitro antimalarial assay indicated that efficacy of artemisinin and curcumin parenteral formulation was greater than quinine and combination of Artemether and Lumefantrine. Stability study of the optimized batch showed no change in physical and chemical characteristics. Based on study, one can conclude that Artemisinin and Curcumin can be successfully formulated as parenteral injectable formulation by co-solvency approach for the effective treatment of malarial infectio

The Sericothripinae genus Hydatothrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) in India with description of a new species

Rachana, R.R., Amarendra, B., Gracy, R. Gandhi (2022): The Sericothripinae genus Hydatothrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) in India with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5169 (2): 177-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.2.

Changes in the Retinal Vascular Network Morphology (Diameter and Tortuosity) after Administration of Intravitreal Bevacizumab in a Patient with Ischaemic Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

We report a case of transient reduction in the diameter and tortuosity of an occluded vessel after intravitreal administration of 1.25 mg (0.05 ml) bevacizumab in a patient with ischaemic branch retinal vein occlusion. A 64-year-old hypertensive female presented with chief complaints of reduced vision in her right eye for 3 months. Her vision in the right eye was evaluated as counting fingers at 2 m. Fundus examination revealed superotemporal branch retinal vein occlusion. On fluorescein angiography, in the superotemporal quadrant, there was hyperfluorescence that increased in size and intensity in the late phase, suggestive of a leaking neovascular frond. In addition, there was capillary non-perfusion in the adjacent area. The patient was administered 1.25 mg (0.05 ml) of bevacizumab intravitreally in her right eye, under all aseptic precautions. After 1 week, her right eye fundus showed regression of neovascularisation. Fluorescein angiography also demonstrated regression of neovascularisation in addition to a decrease in the diameter and tortuosity of the retinal vessel

Hemorrhagic Macular Infarction after Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Chronic Multifocal Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

We hereby report a case of hemorrhagic macular infarction after intravitreal bevacizumab for chronic multifocal central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Issues regarding safety and adverse effects of bevacizumab are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of hemorrhagic macular infarction after intravitreal bevacizumab for chronic multifocal CSC

Correction of Sagittal Balance With Resection of Kissing Spines

Kissing spines syndrome, also known as Baastrup\u27s disease, is a common yet underdiagnosed disorder involving close approximation of adjacent spinous processes. These painful pseudoarticulations may be secondary to the compensatory mechanisms that result from sagittal imbalance. Conventional operative correction of sagittal balance includes a wide range of procedures from facetectomies to vertebral column resection. Resection of kissing spines for the operative management of sagittal imbalance is a treatment modality not extensively discussed in the literature but may offer improved patient outcomes with shorter operative times, lower risk, and reduced length of stay. A 67-year old male with a history of degenerative disk disease and scoliosis presented with neurogenic claudication and severe back pain that worsened with walking and improved with sitting. X-ray imaging of the lumbar spine revealed straightening of the normal lumbar lordotic curvature with mild rotoscoliosis. There was also evidence of retrolisthesis of L2 on L3 that worsened with flexion. The patient had Baastrup\u27s disease at the L3-4 and L4, 5 levels that contributed to his reduced range of motion on extension imaging. Operative treatments including long-segment fusion with interbody cages to correct sagittal balance were considered with a discussion of possible debilitating and high-risk post-surgical outcomes. Instead, the patient underwent a simple decompression surgery involving laminectomies and resection of kissing spines to correct his sagittal imbalance. Postoperative follow-up imaging demonstrated significant improvement in sagittal balance, and the patient expressed relief of back and leg pain. Although underdiagnosed, consideration of kissing spines syndrome in the surgical correction of sagittal imbalance may offer an improvement over conventional operations. Our case presents a unique surgical perspective on the treatment of spinal stenosis with kissing spines with particular regard to correcting the sagittal imbalance, avoiding debilitating procedures, and providing better immediate postoperative outcomes

Scirtothrips donumdei Rachana & Amarendra & Gracy & Nagarjuna Reddy & Sushil 2024, sp. n.

<i>Scirtothrips donumdei</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1–12)</p> <p> <b> <i>Female macroptera</i>.</b> Body pale (Fig. 1), slightly shaded on the pronotum, lateral sides of the meso and metanota; abdominal tergites III–VII with median brown area not extending laterally to setal pair S2; tergites III–VIII and sternites III–VII with medially dark antecostal ridges (Figs 11&12); antennal segments I–II pale, III–VIII brown (Fig. 4); fore wings shaded, apex pale; clavus shaded (Fig. 9); legs pale, but slightly shaded on outer surfaces of femur and tibiae; prominent body setae pale brown. Head wider than long with transverse striations; ocellar setae III situated close to fore ocellus on the tangent between fore and hind ocelli; four pairs of postocular setae, setae I and II equal to or slightly longer than ocellar setae III, setae III minute, setae IV arising laterally and shorter than I and II (Fig. 5); mouth-cone small, not extending beyond posterior margin of pronotum. Antennae 8 segmented, segments III and IV with forked sense cone, just reaching one-third length of the succeeding segment; segment II with middorsal seta, without campaniform sensilla (Fig. 4). Pronotum with closely spaced striae, space between sculpture lines as wide as diameter of socket of discal setae; posteromarginal setae four pairs, S2 setae 1.3 times as long as S1 (Fig. 7). Mesonotum without campaniform sensilla anteromedially, median setae well ahead of posterior margin (Fig. 3). Metascutum with transverse striations anteromedially, longitudinal reticulations medially and transverse reticulations posteromedially; median pair of setae near or at the anterior margin, without campaniform sensilla (Fig. 3). Mesosternal endofurca with trifid apex, without spinula (Fig. 6). Metasternal endofurca with slightly outcurved apex, with spinula (Fig. 6). Fore wing first vein with 8–11 basal setae irregularly spaced and 3–7 setae on distal half, second vein with 2–3 setae; clavus with 3–4 veinal and 1 discal setae; posteromarginal and anteromarginal fringe cilia straight (Fig. 9). Hind tibiae with 2 stout spines at apex; hind tarsi with 2 spines located one behind the other laterally. Abdominal tergites with S1 setae close to each other, longer than their intervals but variable in length both between tergites and between individuals; tergites II–VII with posteromarginal microtrichia lateral to S2 setae, with 3–5 discal setae on lateral microtrichial fields of III–VII (Fig. 11); tergite VIII with microtrichia anteromedially, having complete posteromarginal comb; tergite IX with microtrichia posteromedially but without campaniform sensilla; tergite X with microtrichia posteromedially (Fig. 8); sternites II–VII fully covered by rows of microtrichia, posterior margin with complete comb of microtrichia; sternite II with 2 pairs of posteromarginal setae, III–VII with 3 pairs of posteromarginal setae; sternite VII with S1 setae slightly in front of posterior margin; with paired trivial flange projection (Fig. 12).</p> <p> <b>Measurements</b> (holotype female in microns). Body length 910. Head, length 70; width across eyes 130; ocellar setae III 13; postocular setae I 18; postocular setae II 13. Pronotum, length 90; width 155; posteromarginal setae I 18; posteromarginal setae II 23. Fore wing length 550. Antennal segments III–VIII length 45, 35, 33, 35, 5, 8.</p> <p> <b> <i>Male macroptera</i>.</b> Similar in colour and sculpture to female except body smaller (Fig. 2); fore wing first vein with 6–8 basal setae, 3–4 setae on distal half; second vein with 0–1 seta; abdominal tergites III─VII median marking faded; tergite IX with a pair of dark, incurved drepanae (Fig. 10); with pale antecostal ridges and without pore plate on abdominal sternites.</p> <p> <b>Measurements</b> (paratype male in microns). Body length 750. Head, length 55; width across eyes 115; ocellar setae III 15; postocular setae I 15; postocular setae II 13. Pronotum, length 78; width 138; posteromarginal setae I 15; posteromarginal setae II 25. Fore wing length 450. Antennal segments III–VIII length 35, 30, 28, 33, 5, 8.</p> <p> <b>Material studied.</b> Holotype female, <b>INDIA</b>, Karnataka, Doddaballapura, Ghati, collected on leaves of <i>Senegalia pennata</i> (Fabaceae) (Fig. 13), 04.viii.2023 (Amarendra B.) (ICAR / NBAIR / THYS /04082023). Paratypes: 22 females and 6 males with same data as holotype except one paratype female with one additional postocular seta displaced behind the first row and three paratype females having an additional fore vein seta displaced below on the apical half of fore wing. Holotype and paratypes deposited in the National Insect Museum, National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (ICAR-NBAIR), Bengaluru, India.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> The name <i>donumdei</i> is derived from Latin words <i>donum</i> (gift) and <i>dei</i> (God), and means “gift of God”.</p> <p> <b>Molecular characterization:</b> A partial mtCOI gene of <i>S. donumdei</i> was sequenced which showed 86.95 per cent identity with the GenBank sequence of <i>S. dorsalis</i>. The annotated gene sequence of the species was deposited in the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, accession number OR483938.</p> <p> <b>Comments:</b> This new species is compared with the other five members of <i>Scirtothrips</i> that share the character states of the sternites fully covered with microtrichia, and the sternal posterior margins with a comb of microtrichia. It can be distinguished from <i>S. aurantii</i> by having ocellar setae III close to the fore ocellus on tangent between fore and hind ocelli, straight posteromarginal fringe cilia, microtrichia on tergite IX and males not having a comb of stout dark setae on the posterior margin of the hind femora. From <i>S. lantanae</i> Ng, Mound & Azidah, 2014, it differs in body and wing colouration, position of ocellar setae III, length of posteromarginal setae on pronotum, median setae position on metathorax, pairs of discal setae in microtrichial field of abdominal tergites II–IV. Moreover, males of the new species have drepanae on abdominal tergite IX.</p> <p> <i>Scirtothrips temengorensis</i> Ng & Mound, 2016 can be distinguished from the new species by the males having a pair of broad, elongate and striate setae on tergite X, and tergite IX not having drepanae. The new species can be distinguished from <i>S. convexum</i> Ng <i>et al.</i> 2023 by having pale body, ocellar setae III close to fore ocellus on tangent between fore and hind ocelli, posteromarginal setae S2 setae 1.3 times as long as S1, metanotal median setae pair near or at the anterior margin, fore wing second vein with 2–3 setae, clavus with 3–4 marginal setae and abdominal tergite VIII with rows of microtrichia anteromedially. Finally, <i>S. longifascies</i> Ng <i>et al.</i> 2023 can be distinguished from the new species by having abdominal tergites and sternites pale including antecostal ridges, long pointed mouth cone, ocellar setae III on tangent between anterior margins of hind ocelli, pronotum as wide as long with stippled posterior margin, four pairs of subequal posteromarginal setae, second vein of fore wing with 1 seta and abdominal sternites III–VI with 12 posteromarginal setae.</p>Published as part of <i>Rachana, R. R., Amarendra, B., Gracy, R. Gandhi, Nagarjuna Reddy, K. V. & Sushil, S. N., 2024, A new species of the genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) from India, pp. 435-443 in Zootaxa 5397 (3)</i> on pages 437-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5397.3.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10468957">http://zenodo.org/record/10468957</a&gt