Semifragile Speech Watermarking Based on Least Significant Bit Replacement of Line Spectral Frequencies

There are various techniques for speech watermarking based on modifying the linear prediction coefficients (LPCs); however, the estimated and modified LPCs vary from each other even without attacks. Because line spectral frequency (LSF) has less sensitivity to watermarking than LPC, watermark bits are embedded into the maximum number of LSFs by applying the least significant bit replacement (LSBR) method. To reduce the differences between estimated and modified LPCs, a checking loop is added to minimize the watermark extraction error. Experimental results show that the proposed semifragile speech watermarking method can provide high imperceptibility and that any manipulation of the watermark signal destroys the watermark bits since manipulation changes it to a random stream of bits

Software Watermarking

Software watermarking is a defence technique used to prevent software piracy by embedding a signature, i.e., an identifier reliably representing the owner, in the code. When an illegal copy is made, the ownership can be claimed by extracting this identifier. The signature has to be hidden inside the program and it has to be difficult for an attacker to detect, tamper or remove it. In this paper we show how the ability of the attacker to identify the signature can be modelled in the framework of abstract interpretation as a completeness property. We view attackers as abstract interpreters that can precisely observe only the properties for which they are complete. In this setting, hiding a signature in the code corresponds to inserting it in terms of a semantic property that can be retrieved only by attackers that are complete for it. Indeed, any abstract interpreter that is not complete for the property specifying the signature cannot detect, tamper or remove it. The goal of this work is to introduce a formal framework for the modelling, at a semantic level, of software watermarking techniques and their quality features

Visualizing and mapping the project management research areas within the International Journal of Project Management: A bibliometric analysis from 1983 to 2018

The Project Management (PM) discipline has remained unchanged over decades, but the practice of this discipline has changed greatly in the last years. Bearing in mind that the PM as become a core activity for organizations and professionals, independently of their area of expertise, it is necessary to develop professional competencies for new project managers. In this way, there are different competency development models, including the ICB 4.0 model of the International Project Management Association (IPMA). Taking this into account, the current research conducts an intellectual and bibliometric analysis of the International Journal of Project Management (IJPM) from 1983 to 2018, in order to know the main research themes and see how these are related to the project management competencies. Finally, it provides a framework to support project managers in the development and direction of future researches identifying emerging, transversal, core and declining themes

Optimization of a Blind Speech Watermarking Technique against Amplitude Scaling

This paper presents a gain invariant speech watermarking technique based on quantization of the Lp-norm. In this scheme, first, the original speech signal is divided into different frames. Second, each frame is divided into two vectors based on odd and even indices. Third, quantization index modulation (QIM) is used to embed the watermark bits into the ratio of the Lp-norm between the odd and even indices. Finally, the Lagrange optimization technique is applied to minimize the embedding distortion. By applying a statistical analytical approach, the embedding distortion and error probability are estimated. Experimental results not only confirm the accuracy of the driven statistical analytical approach but also prove the robustness of the proposed technique against common signal processing attacks

60 years of Business Intelligence: a Bibliometric Review from 1958 to 2017

Business Intelligence (BI) is being seen as a core activity in business, science, education or any field in which the use of intelligent software are vital to achieve their goals. The BI concept is also multidimensional, and it can be defined as a technology-driven process for analyzing data and presenting actionable information to support the organizational decisions. In this respect, the professionals involved in this area of knowledge are seeking to develop a culture of result orientation, focused on an effective decision-making and collaboration. Thus, the main aim of this contribution is to develop a bibliometric analysis to evaluate the performance and conceptual evolution of the authors and publications that are directly related to Business Intelligence

Bibliometric network to identify the intellectual structure and evolution of the big data research field

Big Data has evolved from being an emerging topic to a growing research area in business, science and education fields. The Big Data concept has a multidimen-sional approach, and it can be defined as a term describing the storage and analy-sis of large and complex data sets using a series of advanced techniques. In this respect, the researches and professionals involved in this area of knowledge are seeking to develop a culture based on data science, analytics and intelligence. To this end, it is clear that there is a need to identify and examine the intellectual structure, current research lines and main trends. In this way, this paper reviews the literature on Big Data evaluating 23,378 articles from 2012 to 2017 and offers a holistic approach of the research area by using SciMAT as a bibliometric and network analysis software. Furthermore, it evaluates the top contributing authors, countries and research themes that are directly related to Big Data. Finally, a sci-ence map is developed to understand the evolution of the intellectual structure and the main research themes related to Big Data

Visualizing and Mapping the Project Management Research Areas withing the International Journal of Project Management: A bibliometric analysis from 1983 to 2018

CONTEXT. Project Management has evolved from being an emerging topic to a growing research area in business, science and education fields. The Project Management concept has a multidimensional approach, and it can be defined as the practice of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria at the specified time. The professionals involved in this area of knowledge are seeking to uncover the conceptual structure of a research area of interest are worth and necessary. OBJECTIVE. The main aim of this contribution is to develop a bibliometric analysis to evaluate the performance and conceptual evolution of the Project Management research themes from 1983 to 2018. SOFTWARE. The analysis is developed using SciMAT

Intelligence: origin, evolution and trends (Inteligencia: origen, evolución y tendencias)

In the knowledge economy era, information has become the main asset of organizations, regardless of their typology. In response to this scenario, organizations have opted for the active application of intelligence models based on knowledge of the cultural, social, political, business and technological environment from a holistic, dynamic and flexible point of view. This has favored the emergence of new approaches to Intelligence, which like the more traditional approaches, seek to collect, analyze, interpret and disseminate high value data and information at the right time for use in decision-making processes. However, this does not mean that organizations should assume that more traditional intelligence strategies continue to be viable, on the contrary, the "new rules of the game" are currently being defined and therefore we face completely radical changes. In this sense, it is necessary to review the origins of the concept of intelligence to capture the essence, analyze its evolution and consider trends, with the aim of rethinking and redesigning the concept of Intelligence from an integrative approach, regardless of the nuance or scope of application that our organizations are using. The idea of having a single framework of Intelligence adapted to the reality of the organizations will bring with it a greater diffusion of this discipline and a series of advantages for the organizations themselves. In order to achieve this, a detailed analysis of all existing publications in the literature is proposed through tools specialized in the treatment of large amounts of information. From this analysis, we will obtain the current picture of the concept of intelligence, its main lines of work and research, as well as short/medium term trends

La relación entre Inteligencia de Negocio e Inteligencia Competitiva: un análisis retrospectivo y bibliométrico de la literatura de 1959 a 2017

Nowadays, organizations are immersed in complex and variable but, above all, intense scenarios, in terms of production, demand and consumption of information. This, consequently, has led organizations to incorporate intelligence approaches into their strategy improving their competitiveness in an agile and flexible way through the definition, collection, analysis, exploitation and dissemination of information. Nevertheless, the complexity of scenarios and the diversity of the organizations themselves make it hard to have a unique intelligence model. This paper analyzes the documents hosted in Scopus from 1959 to 2017 about Business Intelligence and Competitive Intelligence -the most widespread intelligence approaches-, to identify the most representative thematic areas, their relationship, composition and evolution, with the aim of supporting researches and professionals on research, development with an hollistic intelligence approach. To this end, the performance of the main bibliometric indicators was evaluated and scientific maps of both intelligence approaches were produced.Actualmente, las organizaciones se encuentran inmersas en escenarios complejos y variables, pero sobre todo intensos en la producción, demanda y consumo de datos, información y conocimiento. Esto les ha llevado a desarrollar e incorporar modelos de inteligencia que mejoren su competitividad a través de la definición, recopilación, análisis, utilización y diseminación de información. No obstante, la complejidad de los escenarios y la diversidad de las organizaciones hace que no exista un modelo único de inteligencia, siendo la Inteligencia de Negocio e Inteligencia Competitiva los más difundidos y utilizados. En este sentido, este trabajo analiza los documentos disponibles en Scopus desde 1959 hasta 2017 sobre estos modelos, identificando las áreas temáticas más representativas, relaciones y evolución, estableciendo las bases para la integración de estos modelos bajo un mismo marco organizacional. Para ello, se ha evaluado su productividad y elaborado sus mapas científicos a través del uso de técnicas y herramientas bibliométricas

Intelligence: origin, evolution and trends (Inteligencia: origen, evolución y tendencias)

In the knowledge economy era, information has become the main asset of organizations, regardless of their typology. In response to this scenario, organizations have opted for the active application of intelligence models based on knowledge of the cultural, social, political, business and technological environment from a holistic, dynamic and flexible point of view. This has favored the emergence of new approaches to Intelligence, which like the more traditional approaches, seek to collect, analyze, interpret and disseminate high value data and information at the right time for use in decision-making processes. However, this does not mean that organizations should assume that more traditional intelligence strategies continue to be viable, on the contrary, the "new rules of the game" are currently being defined and therefore we face completely radical changes. In this sense, it is necessary to review the origins of the concept of intelligence to capture the essence, analyze its evolution and consider trends, with the aim of rethinking and redesigning the concept of Intelligence from an integrative approach, regardless of the nuance or scope of application that our organizations are using. The idea of having a single framework of Intelligence adapted to the reality of the organizations will bring with it a greater diffusion of this discipline and a series of advantages for the organizations themselves. In order to achieve this, a detailed analysis of all existing publications in the literature is proposed through tools specialized in the treatment of large amounts of information. From this analysis, we will obtain the current picture of the concept of intelligence, its main lines of work and research, as well as short/medium term trends