La ética en la formación del ingeniero de minas: representaciones sociales de actores educativos

This article shows the results of a qualitative research aimed to understand the social representations of teachers and students concerning ethics in an institution of higher education in Cúcuta, Colombia. The hermeneutic method was used which allowed to understanding a kind of knowledge that is built on dialogue, interaction, intersubjectivity and everyday life. The sample was intentional and formed by 25 students and 2 teachers. The study results show that for the educational actors ethics is related to the values of the subjects, which are learned from the environment. They relate ethics to society and define it as a science that gives people certain parameters that must be followed to comply with good actions within society.El presente artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación cualitativa que buscó comprender las representaciones sociales de docentes y estudiantes sobre la ética en una institución de educación superior en Cúcuta, Colombia. Se utilizó el método hermenéutico, lo cual posibilitó comprender un tipo de conocimiento que se construye en el diálogo, la interacción, la intersubjetividad y la cotidianidad.  La muestra fue intencional y la conformaron 25 estudiantes y 2 profesores. Los resultados del estudio evidencian que para los actores educativos la ética está relacionada con los valores de los sujetos, los cuales son aprendidos del entorno. Relacionan la ética con la sociedad y la definen como una ciencia que les da a las personas ciertos parámetros que deben seguir para cumplir con las buenas acciones dentro de la sociedad

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

La ética en la formación del ingeniero de minas: representaciones sociales de actores educativos

This article shows the results of a qualitative research aimed to understand the social representations of teachers and students concerning ethics in an institution of higher education in Cúcuta, Colombia. The hermeneutic method was used which allowed to understanding a kind of knowledge that is built on dialogue, interaction, intersubjectivity and everyday life. The sample was intentional and formed by 25 students and 2 teachers. The study results show that for the educational actors ethics is related to the values of the subjects, which are learned from the environment. They relate ethics to society and define it as a science that gives people certain parameters that must be followed to comply with good actions within society.El presente artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación cualitativa que buscó comprender las representaciones sociales de docentes y estudiantes sobre la ética en una institución de educación superior en Cúcuta, Colombia. Se utilizó el método hermenéutico, lo cual posibilitó comprender un tipo de conocimiento que se construye en el diálogo, la interacción, la intersubjetividad y la cotidianidad.  La muestra fue intencional y la conformaron 25 estudiantes y 2 profesores. Los resultados del estudio evidencian que para los actores educativos la ética está relacionada con los valores de los sujetos, los cuales son aprendidos del entorno. Relacionan la ética con la sociedad y la definen como una ciencia que les da a las personas ciertos parámetros que deben seguir para cumplir con las buenas acciones dentro de la sociedad

La ética en la formación del ingeniero de minas: representaciones sociales de actores educativos

El presente artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación cualitativa que buscó comprender las representaciones sociales de docentes y estudiantes sobre la ética en una institución de educación superior en Cúcuta, Colombia. Se utilizó el método hermenéutico, lo cual posibilitó comprender un tipo de conocimiento que se construye en el diálogo, la interacción, la intersubjetividad y la cotidianidad.  La muestra fue intencional y la conformaron 25 estudiantes y 2 profesores. Los resultados del estudio evidencian que para los actores educativos la ética está relacionada con los valores de los sujetos, los cuales son aprendidos del entorno. Relacionan la ética con la sociedad y la definen como una ciencia que les da a las personas ciertos parámetros que deben seguir para cumplir con las buenas acciones dentro de la sociedad.</p

La ética en la formación del ingeniero de minas: representaciones sociales de actores educativos

This article shows the results of a qualitative research aimed to understand the social representations of teachers and students concerning ethics in an institution of higher education in Cúcuta, Colombia. The hermeneutic method was used which allowed to understanding a kind of knowledge that is built on dialogue, interaction, intersubjectivity and everyday life. The sample was intentional and formed by 25 students and 2 teachers. The study results show that for the educational actors ethics is related to the values of the subjects, which are learned from the environment. They relate ethics to society and define it as a science that gives people certain parameters that must be followed to comply with good actions within society.El presente artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación cualitativa que buscó comprender las representaciones sociales de docentes y estudiantes sobre la ética en una institución de educación superior en Cúcuta, Colombia. Se utilizó el método hermenéutico, lo cual posibilitó comprender un tipo de conocimiento que se construye en el diálogo, la interacción, la intersubjetividad y la cotidianidad.  La muestra fue intencional y la conformaron 25 estudiantes y 2 profesores. Los resultados del estudio evidencian que para los actores educativos la ética está relacionada con los valores de los sujetos, los cuales son aprendidos del entorno. Relacionan la ética con la sociedad y la definen como una ciencia que les da a las personas ciertos parámetros que deben seguir para cumplir con las buenas acciones dentro de la sociedad

Economic impact of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: a systematic review

Abstract Background Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) requires complex care that generate elevated costs, which results in a high economic impact for the family. The aim of this systematic review was to collect and cluster the information currently available on healthcare costs associated with JIA after the introduction of biological therapies. Methods We comprehensively searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Databases for studies from January 2000 to March 2021. Reviewers working independently and in duplicate appraised the quality and included primary studies that report total, direct and/or indirect costs related to JIA for at least one year. The costs were converted to United States dollars and an inflationary adjustment was made. Results We found 18 eligible studies including data from 6,540 patients. Total costs were reported in 10 articles, ranging from $310 USD to$44,832 USD annually. Direct costs were reported in 16 articles ($193 USD to$32,446 USD), showing a proportion of 55 to 98 % of total costs. Those costs were mostly related to medications and medical appointments. Six studies reported indirect costs ($117 USD to$12,385 USD). Four studies reported costs according to JIA category observing the highest in polyarticular JIA. Total and direct costs increased up to three times after biological therapy initiation. A high risk of reporting bias and inconsistency of the methodology used were found. Conclusion The costs of JIA are substantial, and the highest are derived from medication and medical appointments. Indirect costs of JIA are underrepresented in costs analysis

Libro Rojo de Peces Dulceacuícolas de Colombia (2012)

En el marco del Plan Operativo Anual (2010 – 2011 - 2012) del Programa de Biología de la Conservación y Uso de la Biodiversidad del Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, se llevó a cabo la actualización del Libro Rojo de peces dulceacuícolas de Colombia o proceso de evaluación del riesgo de extinción y evolución del estado de conservación de las especies de peces dulceacuícolas, como también es conocido. Esta iniciativa se llevó a cabo con el aval del Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial – MAVT (hoy Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible – MADS) y la participación del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, WWF Colombia, y la Universidad de Manizales. En este proceso contribuyeron más de 50 investigadores, vinculados a unas 30 instituciones académicas, gubernamentales y no gubernamentales.Bogotá, D. C

70º Aniversario de la declaración universal de derechos humanos. La protección internacional de los Derechos Humanos en cuestión

Segundo volúmen de la Colección Perspectivas Iberoamericanas sobre la justicia. La Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas cumple, el 10 de diciembre de 2018, setenta años. La simbólica fecha obliga a los investigadores en derechos humanos a reflexionar críticamente sobre los avances y límites de un complejo sistema de normas y, sobre todo, de valores culturales sustentados en la matriz liberal occidental. Desde entonces, ha habido indiscutibles avances institucionales y normativos, como la creación del Consejo de Derechos Humanos, varios pactos y declaraciones complementarias, órganos específicos, tribunales internacionales, jurisprudencia, constituciones estatales, una infinidad de instituciones basadas en esta “ética mínima universal” que, contradictoriamente, no logró evitar un conjunto de catástrofes humanitarias y de vulneración de derechos. La primera década del siglo XX trae un reflejo limitante al consenso de la posguerra, pues la agresividad de los Estados hegemónicos, en alianza con intereses privados transnacionales, pone en jaque la capacidad del sistema protector frente a guerras humanitarias e internacionales. tratados económicos de nueva generación aquellos que excluyen por completo a la democracia del proceso de negociación.A Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos das Nações Unidas completa, em 10 de diciembre de 2018, setenta años. A data simbólica exige dos pesquisadores em direitos humanos uma reflexão crítica a respeito dos avanços y dos limites de um sistema complexo de normas e, principalmente, de valores culturales apoiados na matriz liberal ocidental. De lá para cá, houve indiscutível avanço institucional e normativo, do qual é exemplo a criação do Conselho de Direitos Humanos, diversos pactos e declarações complementarios, órgão específicos, tribunais internacionais, jurisprudência, constituições dos States, uma infinidade de instituições pautadas nesse “mínimo ético universal” que, contraditoriamente, não conseguiu evitar um conjunto de catástrofes humanitárias e de violação de direitos. A primeira década do século XX traz uma reflexão limite para o consenso do pós-guerra, pois a agressividade dos States hegemônicos, em aliança com interesses private transnacionais, põe em check a capacidade do sistema protectivo diante das guerras humanitárias e dos tratados internacionais econômicos de nueva generación aqueles que excluem completamente a democracia do processo negociador

Reduction of cardiac imaging tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Italy. Findings from the IAEA Non-invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 massively hit Italy, earlier and harder than any other European country. This caused a series of strict containment measures, aimed at blocking the spread of the pandemic. Healthcare delivery was also affected when resources were diverted towards care of COVID-19 patients, including intensive care wards. Aim of the study: The aim is assessing the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac imaging in Italy, compare to the Rest of Europe (RoE) and the World (RoW). Methods: A global survey was conducted in May–June 2020 worldwide, through a questionnaire distributed online. The survey covered three periods: March and April 2020, and March 2019. Data from 52 Italian centres, a subset of the 909 participating centres from 108 countries, were analyzed. Results: In Italy, volumes decreased by 67% in March 2020, compared to March 2019, as opposed to a significantly lower decrease (p &lt; 0.001) in RoE and RoW (41% and 40%, respectively). A further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 summed up to 76% for the North, 77% for the Centre and 86% for the South. When compared to the RoE and RoW, this further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 in Italy was significantly less (p = 0.005), most likely reflecting the earlier effects of the containment measures in Italy, taken earlier than anywhere else in the West. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic massively hit Italy and caused a disruption of healthcare services, including cardiac imaging studies. This raises concern about the medium- and long-term consequences for the high number of patients who were denied timely diagnoses and the subsequent lifesaving therapies and procedures