119 research outputs found

    Neurogenic bladder dysfunction: Surgical interventional approaches

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    This chapter describes the different surgical procedures for managing a neurogenic bladder. The procedures include electrical stimulation, bladder and urethral reconstructive surgery, bladder outlet obstruction management and the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Electrical stimulation to manage bladder dysfunction in patients with neurological disorders has been used since 1950. Electrical stimulation therapies include intravesical electrostimulation, sacral neuromodulation and sacral anterior root stimulation with selective sacral rhizotomy. Cutaneous continent diversions may be performed in neurological patients, mainly in the young myelomeningocele patient or those with spinal cord injury (SCI) who cannot perform clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) via the urethra because of congenital abnormalities, urethral pain, obesity, strictures or poor hand mobility. Finally, the chapter describes the suprapubic catheter (SPC), and sphincter surgery, which relieves bladder outlet obstruction due to external urethral sphincter contraction

    Recommandations pour l’utilisation de la toxine botulinique de type A (BotoxÂź) dans l’hyperactivitĂ© vĂ©sicale rĂ©fractaire idiopathique

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    RĂ©sumĂ©ObjectifsDĂ©finir des recommandations pour l’utilisation pratique de la toxine botulinique de type A (BoNTA) dans l’hyperactivitĂ© vĂ©sicale rĂ©fractaire idiopathique (HAVRI).MĂ©thodeÉlaboration de recommandations de bonne pratique par consensus formalisĂ©, validĂ©es par un groupe de 13 experts puis par un groupe de lecture indĂ©pendant.RĂ©sultatsEn cas d’infection urinaire celle-ci doit ĂȘtre traitĂ©e et l’injection reportĂ©e. Avant l’injection, il est recommandĂ© de s’assurer de la faisabilitĂ© et de l’acceptabilitĂ© de l’auto-sondage. L’injection peut ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ©e aprĂšs une anesthĂ©sie locale urĂ©tro-vĂ©sicale (lidocaĂŻne), Ă©ventuellement complĂ©tĂ©e par l’inhalation de protoxyde d’azote et parfois sous anesthĂ©sie gĂ©nĂ©rale. L’injection sera rĂ©alisĂ©e au bloc opĂ©ratoire ou en salle d’endoscopie. La vessie ne doit pas ĂȘtre trop remplie (risque de perforation). Le traitement doit ĂȘtre appliquĂ© en 10 à 20 injections de 0,5 à 1mL rĂ©parties de maniĂšre homogĂšne dans la vessie en restant Ă  distance des mĂ©ats urĂ©tĂ©raux. Il n’est pas recommandĂ© de laisser en place une sonde vĂ©sicale sauf en cas d’hĂ©maturie importante. Le patient doit ĂȘtre surveillĂ© jusqu’à la reprise mictionnelle. Une note d’information sur les effets indĂ©sirables Ă©ventuels doit lui ĂȘtre remise Ă  sa sortie. Une consultation doit ĂȘtre prĂ©vue 3 mois aprĂšs la premiĂšre injection (calendrier mictionnel, dĂ©bitmĂ©trie, rĂ©sidu post-mictionnel et examen cytobactĂ©riologique des urines). Un rĂ©sidu >200mL et/ou symptomatique doit faire discuter des auto-sondages. Une nouvelle injection pourra ĂȘtre envisagĂ©e lorsque le bĂ©nĂ©fice clinique de la prĂ©cĂ©dente s’estompe (entre 6 et 9 mois).ConclusionsLe respect de ces recommandations devrait permettre une utilisation optimale de la BoNTA.Niveau de preuve3.SummaryObjectivesProvide guidelines for practical usage of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) for refractory idiopathic Overactive Bladder management.Patients and methodsGuidelines using formalized consensus guidelines method. These guidelines have been validated by a group of 13 experts quoting proposals, subsequently reviewed by an independent group of experts.ResultsIn the case of patients with urinary tract infection, it must be treated and injection postponed. Before proposing an injection, it is recommended to ensure the feasibility and acceptability of self-catheterisation by patient. The injection can be performed after local anesthesia of the bladder and urethra (lidocaine), supplemented where necessary by nitrous oxide inhalation and sometimes under general anesthesia. Injection is performed in the operating room or endoscopy suite. The bladder should not be too filled (increased risk of perforation). Treatment should be applied in 10 to 20 injections of 0.5 to 1mL homogeneously distributed in the bladder at a distance from the urethral orifices. It is not recommended to leave a urinary catheter in place except in cases of severe hematuria. The patient should be monitored until resumption of micturition. After the first injection, an appointment must be scheduled within 3 months (micturition diary, uroflowmetry, measurement of residual urine and urine culture). Performance of self-catheterisation should be questioned in the case of a symptomatic post-void residual and/or a residue>200mL. A new injection may be considered when the clinical benefit of the previous injection diminishes (between 6 and 9 months). A period of three months must elapse between each injection.ConclusionsImplementation of these guidelines may promote best practice usage of BoNTA with optimal risk/benefit ratio
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