17 research outputs found

    Cartoon folder cover - back page (in Ukrainian)

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    This is the Ukrainian version of the back cover page for a series of cartoons about the development and promotion of biological and chemical security education in the Higher Education sector

    Mitochondria Express α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors to Regulate Ca2+ Accumulation and Cytochrome c Release: Study on Isolated Mitochondria

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    Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate synaptic transmission in the muscle and autonomic ganglia and regulate transmitter release in the brain. The nAChRs composed of α7 subunits are also expressed in non-excitable cells to regulate cell survival and proliferation. Up to now, functional α7 nAChRs were found exclusively on the cell plasma membrane. Here we show that they are expressed in mitochondria and regulate early pro-apoptotic events like cytochrome c release. The binding of α7-specific antibody with mouse liver mitochondria was revealed by electron microscopy. Outer membranes of mitochondria from the wild-type and β2−/− but not α7−/− mice bound α7 nAChR-specific antibody and toxins: FITC-labeled α-cobratoxin or Alexa 555-labeled α-bungarotoxin. α7 nAChR agonists (1 µM acetylcholine, 10 µM choline or 30 nM PNU-282987) impaired intramitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation and significantly decreased cytochrome c release stimulated with either 90 µM CaCl2 or 0.5 mM H2O2. α7-specific antagonist methyllicaconitine (50 nM) did not affect Ca2+ accumulation in mitochondria but attenuated the effects of agonists on cytochrome c release. Inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) 4,4′-diisothio-cyano-2,2′-stilbene disulfonic acid (0.5 µM) decreased cytochrome c release stimulated with apoptogens similarly to α7 nAChR agonists, and VDAC was co-captured with the α7 nAChR from mitochondria outer membrane preparation in both direct and reverse sandwich ELISA. It is concluded that α7 nAChRs are expressed in mitochondria outer membrane to regulate the VDAC-mediated Ca2+ transport and mitochondrial permeability transition

    Cartoon 5: Integration - page 2 (in Ukrainian)

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    This cartoon - the second of two - is about the wider promotion of an institutional research process in biological and chemical security education in the Higher Education sector

    Cartoon 5: Integration - page 1 (in Ukrainian)

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    This cartoon - the first of two - is about the wider promotion of an institutional research process in biological and chemical security education in the Higher Education sector

    Cartoon folder cover - front page (in Ukrainian)

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    This is the Ukrainian version of the front cover for a series of cartoons about the development and promotion of biological and chemical security education in the Higher Education sector

    Cartoon 3: Education and awareness-raising - page 1 (in Ukrainian)

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    This cartoon - the first of two - is about the development of biological and chemical security education and awareness-raising in the Higher Education sector

    Cartoon 3: Education and awareness-raising - page 2 (in Ukrainian)

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    This cartoon - the second of two - is about the development of biological and chemical security education and awareness-raising in the Higher Education sector

    Cartoon 4: Evaluation - page 2 (in Ukrainian)

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    This cartoon - the second of two - is about the development of an institutional research process in biological and chemical security education in the Higher Education sector

    Cartoon 1: Preventing biological weapons - page 1 (2017) (in Ukrainian)

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    This is the first cartoon (of 2) within project "Informing Policymakers of the Progress in Strengthening the Chemical and Biological Weapons Non-Proliferation Regime"

    Cartoon 2: Code of conduct - page 1 (in Ukrainian)

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    This cartoon - the first page of two - is about why it is important to develop a biological security code of conduct on good laboratory practice. It references the Hague ethical guidelines for chemists, which aim to prevent the hostile misuse of chemistry and the re-emergence of chemical weapons
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