Multiplicación in vitro de Colocasia esculenta clon ‘INIVIT MC- 2001’ en sistemas de cultivo semi-automatizados

One alternative to increase yields in the taro (Colocasia esculenta) culture, could be the application of biotechnological methods, especially semi-automated systems. The new clone ‘INIVIT MC-2001’ with high productive potential, have low multiplication coefficients in conventional seed production systems. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to determine the effect of semi-automated systems on the in vitro multiplication of taro ‘INIVIT MC-2001’. The effect of three semi-automated systems culture was studied: temporary Immersion system, immersion system with constant aeration to the culture medium and constant immersion system with aeration to the inner atmosphere of the culture recipient. The type of semi-automated culture system influenced the multiplication coefficient, the best results were obtained with the temporary immersion system (8.46) and the immersion system with constant aeration of the culture medium (8.42) which are alternatives for increasing the multiplication coefficient in clone ‘INIVIT MC-2001’.Key words: in vitro culture, taro, temporary immersionUna de las alternativas para incrementar los rendimientos en el cultivo de la malanga (Colocasia esculenta), puede ser la aplicación de los métodos biotecnológicos, especialmente los sistemas semi-automatizados. El nuevo clon de malanga ‘INIVIT MC-2001’, con alto potencial productivo, presenta bajos coeficientes de multiplicación en los sistemas convencionales de producción de semilla. Por ello, este trabajo se propuso determinar el efecto de los sistemas semi-automatizados en la multiplicación in vitro de malanga ‘INIVIT MC-2001’. Se estudió el efecto de tres sistemas de cultivo semi-automatizados: sistema de inmersión temporal, sistema de inmersión constante con aireación al medio de cultivo y sistema de inmersión constante con aireación a la atmósfera interna del frasco de cultivo. El tipo de sistema de cultivo semi-automatizado influyó sobre el coeficiente de multiplicación, los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con el sistema de inmersión temporal (8.46) y el sistema de inmersión constante con aireación al medio de cultivo (8.42) los cuales constituyen alternativas para incrementar el coeficiente de multiplicación en el clon ‘INIVIT MC-2001’.Palabras clave: cultivo in vitro, inmersión temporal, malang

Efecto del manejo a brotes in vitro de Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott y Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott durante la fase de multiplicación

To solve the limited in vitro multiplication coefficients in taro (Xanthosoma and Colocasia) several strategies are used. This work was carried out with the aim of to determine the effect of the in vitro management of shoots of both species of taro that allows to increase the multiplication coefficient in order to develop a simple method of in vitro propagation of this crop. Four cultivars of Xanthosoma ('Mexico 1', 'Mexico 8', 'Yellow Special', 'Selection INIVIT') and the cultivar 'Cameroon 14' of C. esculenta were used in the multiplication phase. The treatments included variants of decapitation and cut of the shoots. After 25 days of culture, the number of shoots per explant was quantified and the fresh mass was determined. The best results were achieved with treatments 6 (Decapitated 75% of the shoot and cut in the apical bud) and 7 (Decapitated 75% of the shoot, longitudinal cut and bevel of the apical bud) in all cultivars. The multiplication coefficients in both treatments varied from 3.00 to 6.98 depending on the cultivar. It is possible to increase the multiplication coefficient using other forms of cutting of the explants different from the traditional ones used (Beheaded 50% of the shoot and bevel cut).Keywords: cocoyam, decapitated, in vitro handlings, in vitro shoot, multiplication, taroPara resolver los limitados coeficientes de multiplicación in vitro en malanga (Xanthosoma y Colocasia)se emplean varias estrategias. Este trabajo fue realizado con el objetivo de determinar el efecto del manejo a los brotes in vitro de ambas especies de malanga que permita incrementar el coeficiente de multiplicación con el fin de desarrollar un método sencillo de propagación in vitro de este cultivo. Se emplearon cuatro cultivares de Xanthosoma (‘México 1’, ‘México 8’, ‘Amarilla Especial’, ‘Selección INIVIT’) y el cultivar ‘Camerún 14’ de C. esculenta en la fase de multiplicación.Los tratamientos incluyeron variantes de decapitado y corte de los brotes. A los 25 días de cultivo se cuantificó el número de brotes por explante y se determinó la masa fresca. Los mejores resultados se alcanzaron con los tratamientos 6 (Decapitado 75% del brote y corte en la yema apical) y 7 (Decapitado 75% del brote, corte longitudinal y a bisel de la yema apical) en todos los cultivares. Los coeficientes de multiplicación en ambos tratamientos variaron desde 3.00 hasta 6.98 en dependencia del cultivar.Es posible aumentar el coeficiente de multiplicación utilizando otras formas de corte de los explantes diferentes a las tradicionales empleadas (Decapitado 50% del brote y corte a bisel).Palabras clave: brote in vitro, decapitado, malangas, manejo in vitro, multiplicació

Influence of growth regulators and physical state of the culture medium on the <i>in vitro</i> multiplication of <i>Colocasia esculenta</i> clone 'INIVIT MC2001'

To achieve adequate results in the in vitro multiplication of taro cultivars is required to standardize the culture conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of growth regulators and physical state of the culture medium on in vitro multiplication of Colocasia esculenta clone `INIVITC2001'. Five treatments involving indole acetic acid (IAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) were established: 1.0 mg l-1 IAA + 3.0 mg l-1 6-BAP, 3.0 mg l-1 6-BAP, 4.0 mg l-1 6-BAP, 5.0 mg l-1 6-BAP, 1.0 mg l-1 IAA + 6.0 mg l-1 6-BAP. After 30 days of culture the multiplication coefficient was calculated. Furthermore, the effect on the physical state of the culture medium on this variable during three subcultures was determined. When the culture medium consisting of MS salts and vitamins with 4.0 mg l-1 of 6-BAP was used the greater multiplication coefficient was obtained. Handling the physical state of the culture medium for three subcultures influenced the multiplication coefficient in each subculture, in average coefficient multiplication of three subcultures and the total number of explants obtained after three subcultures. With the culture medium in semisolid state better growth and higher explants multiplication coefficient was achieved. Key words: AIA, 6-BAP, taro, semisolid mediu

In vitro multiplication of Colocasia esculenta clone ‘INIVIT MC-2001’ in semi-automated culture systems

One alternative to increase yields in the taro (Colocasia esculenta) culture, could be the application of biotechnological methods, especially semi-automated systems. The new clone ‘INIVIT MC-2001’ with high productive potential, have low multiplication coefficients in conventional seed production systems. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to determine the effect of semi-automated systems on the in vitro multiplication of taro ‘INIVIT MC-2001’. The effect of three semi-automated systems culture was studied: temporary Immersion system, immersion system with constant aeration to the culture medium and constant immersion system with aeration to the inner atmosphere of the culture recipient. The type of semi-automated culture system influenced the multiplication coefficient, the best results were obtained with the temporary immersion system (8.46) and the immersion system with constant aeration of the culture medium (8.42) which are alternatives for increasing the multiplication coefficient in clone ‘INIVIT MC-2001’. Key words: in vitro culture, taro, temporary immersio

Multiplicación in vitro del clon de malanga ‘Viequera’ (Xanthosoma spp.) en sistemas de cultivo semiautomatizado

In Cuba, theXanthosoma genus is highly demanded in the preference of the population in relation to other edible aroids. The temporary immersion system (TIS) may constitute a micropropagation alternative to obtain high quality seed in this crop. The effect of two Semi-automated Culture Systems (SIT) and Constant Immersion Systems (CIS) with aeration through continuous bubbling in culture medium during the multiplication stage of axillaries shoot buds was evaluated. Results allowed demonstrating superiority in the efficiency of SIT regarding CIS in the sprout multiplication of clone ‘Viequera’. Axillaries sprout buds cultivated in TIS showed the best results in the multiplication compared with CIS and the static culture system with passive renewal of the internal atmosphere was used as control. The culture conditions created in the temporary immersion system forin vitro multiplication of axillaries sprout buds achievedthe highest multiplication coefficient(9.56). Thisin vitro culture system will allow increasing the multiplication coefficients in the micropropagation for seed productionin this genus.Keyword: multiplication coefficient, micropropagation, temporary immersion systemEn Cuba, el género de malanga Xanthosoma es el de mayor demanda en la preferencia de la población con relación a otras aráceas comestibles. El cultivo en inmersión temporal (SIT) puede constituir una alternativa de micropropagación, para obtener semilla de alta calidad en este cultivo. Se determinó el efecto de dos sistemas de cultivo: semi-automatizados SIT y Sistema de Inmersión Constante con aireación mediante burbujeo continuo en el medio de cultivo (SIC) en la fase de multiplicación de los brotes de yemas axilares. Los resultados permitieron demostrar la superioridad en la eficiencia del SIT respecto al SIC en la multiplicación de los brotes del clon ‘Viequera’. Los brotes de yemas axilares cultivados en este sistema de cultivo mostraron los mejores resultados en la multiplicación respecto al SIC y el sistema de cultivo estático con renovación pasiva de la atmósfera interna, utilizado como control. Con las condiciones de cultivo creadas en el sistema de inmersión temporal para la multiplicación in vitro de los brotes de yema axilaraes se lograron los más altos coeficientes de multiplicación (9.56). El uso de este sistema de cultivo in vitro, posibilitará incrementar los coeficientes de multiplicación en la micropropagación para la producción de semilla en este género.Palabra clave: coeficiente de multiplicación, micropropagación, Sistema de inmersión tempora

Propagation of dasheen planting material of the genus Alocasia by in vitro culture

Dasheen (Alocasia) is an option to produce animal food. However, at present it is not a commercial genus, so the availability of planting material is very limited. Biotechnology offers a rapid way of multiplying species of interest by in vitro culture. The objective of this work was to establish a complete protocol for the mass propagation of the cultivar 'verde picante' of the genus Alocasia by in vitro culture. Different experiments were developed to achieve efficient techniques for disinfection, establishment, types and concentrations of plant growth regulators, and the effects of the physical state of the culture medium in the multiplication and rooting phases. The multiplication in semi-automated culture systems and the conditions for the acclimatization phase were also evaluated. It was determined that disinfection should be performed with 3.0% sodium hypochlorite for 20 minutes. In the establishment and rooting phases, it is not necessary to use plant growth regulators, whereas in the multiplication phase 3.0 mg.L-1 of 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) produced the best results. With the semi-solid culture medium, the best morphological growth characteristics of the explants were obtained after three subcultures. The multiplication coefficient when using temporary immersion systems was 12.6. A complete and efficient protocol was established for the in vitro multiplication of the cultivar 'verde picante', including the optimal conditions for its acclimatization. These results are of great importance to promote the development of this genus in Cuba