Fatores genéticos predisponentes no transtorno bipolar: uma revisão integrativa/ Predisposing genetic factors in bipolar disorder: an integrative review

Objetivo: Discutir sobre a predisposição genética presente no transtorno bipolar, citar alelos, genes e regiões cromossômicas mais envolvidas, através de uma revisão integrativa. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com dados coletados e analisados no período de dezembro/2018 a janeiro/2019 na plataforma da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde incluindo estudos originais disponíveis na íntegra, nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês, publicados nos anos: 2007 a 2017, com palavras-chave “transtorno bipolar” e “predisposição genética”. Resultados: Diante disto foram identificados 192.779 artigos utilizando as palavras-chave de forma isolada. Fazendo uso dos critérios de inclusão restaram 512 artigos, posteriormente foi utilizada a estratégia PICO. Após filtros e estratégia PICO foram estudados de forma minuciosa 15 artigos científicos. Através dos dados, apresentados em quadro e gráfico, é possível predizer que há uma gama de fatores genéticos (polimorfismos, alelos, genes e regiões cromossômicas) que predispõem ao fenótipo do transtorno bipolar. Sendo que nos estudos analisados, houve a predominância dos genes ANK3, BDNF, TPH1/2, DAOA e CACNA1C.  Conclusão: Mais estudos são necessários para comprovar esses achados e levar à identificação de variantes funcionais. O tamanho da amostra continuará sendo um fator limitante na descoberta de alelos comuns associados ao transtorno bipolar

Benefícios da realização de exercícios físicos na terceira idade

Introdução: Com o passar do tempo, começa a haver um declínio dos sistemas do corpo humano, um processo fisiológico irreversível, que pode comprometer a locomoção, causar quedas e diminuição da autonomia, embora com atividade física pode-se amenizar a velocidade desse processo. Por isso os profissionais de saúde recomendam a realização de atividade física, já que age diretamente no envelhecimento beneficiando os sistemas que ficam comprometidos na terceira idade, proporcionando um envelhecimento de qualidade.  Objetivo: Analisar os benefícios dos exercícios físicos realizado por idosos. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS e BDENF, devido a credibilidade, variedade e facilidade de encontrar artigos em português e disponível na íntegra para acesso online, a partir da utilização dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): “exercício físico”, “envelhecimento” e “saúde do idoso”, cruzando com o operador booleano AND. Resultados e Discussão: Após análise dos dados encontrados foram selecionados nove artigos para compor a pesquisa. Pôde-se observar que o exercício físico pode ser um aliado na melhora da qualidade de vida do idoso e minimizar perdas relacionadas a sarcopenia, por exemplo. Estudo avaliando o efeito do pilates na saúde de um grupo de idosas com mais de 60 anos, pontuou que a realização do exercício diminuiu os valores antropométricos, oferecendo qualidade de vida. A função cardíaca também é beneficiada com a prática de exercícios físicos. Considerações finais: A pesquisa demonstrou que a realização de exercícios físicos pode melhorar a qualidade de vida dos idosos, autoestima, relações sociais por meio da criação de laços, compartilhamento de experiências, melhora na função cardíaca diminuindo assim os riscos de doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes, além de diminuir o risco de quedas

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data