Infrared relaxation in Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon chemical analogs

Workshop on Interstellar Matter. 14-16 November (2018). Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido Univ., Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan. .- http://www.lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp/astro/ISM2018/index.htmlFor the past 30 years, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been able to reproduce the Unidentified Infrared Emission (UIE) emission bands, a set of spectroscopic features found between 11.2 and 6.2 µm and at 3.3 µm in the mid IR, corresponding to aromatic C=C stretchings and bendings and C-H bendings, respectively [1,2]. The so-called PAH hypothesis is able to account for the general appearance of the bands explaining them as a combination of PAHs molecules in different oxidation states [1]. One of the main advantages of PAH molecules is that they can undergo transient heating to effective temperatures of 1000K upon absorption of a single UV photon, relaxing afterwards. With the years, refinements of the classical theory have been developed and successfully applied to the fitting of astronomical sources [3,4]. Several criticisms arise from the classical PAH hypothesis, being the most important one that no single PAH molecule has been positively identified in the Interstellar Medium (ISM) [5]. Among the years, several alternatives have been postulated like considering small solid particles as candidates for carriers of such band and assuming that isolated aromatic domains within these particles may suffer transient heating by UV photons [6,7]. The present work is devoted to the simulation of the UV absorption and IR emission spectra of a series of randomly packed hydrogenated amorphous carbon (HAC) chemical analogues [8] using ab initio methods. We have employed CASTEP [9] for the calculation of the vibrational properties and the optical constants in the ultraviolet and visible range. The calculation of the emission curves has been done implementing a canonical photocooling emission model from the literature [4 and references therein]. We show that the IR photo-cooling of our randomly packed amorphous analogs is consistent with the spectral characteristics of the interstellar UIE bands, offering a reconciling scenario between the PAH hypothesis and the mixed aliphatic-aromatic amorphous solid interpretations

Evaluación de la efectividad del RENIKAN (EXTRACTO DEL PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES ESTANDARIZADO (EPs®7630) en el tratamiento de las infecciones de las vías respiratorias superiores de etiología viral

Las infecciones respiratorias, uno de los síndromes más frecuentes a nivel comunitario pueden ser de dos tipos: infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior o inferior. En su gran mayoría son iniciadas por una infección viral trasformando el terreno vulnerable a la sobre infección bacteriana. Hasta 2/3 de los pacientes son tratados desde el inicio de los síntomas con antibióticos, aunque este tratamiento no influye positivamente sobre el curso de la enfermedad. Renikan®, fitofármaco extraído de la raíz del Pelargonium Sidoides, posee un triple mecanismo de acción: antiviral, antibacteriano y mucolítico, antiviral, porque activa los mecanismos de defensa antivirales orgánicos, antibacteriano, por su actividad bacteriostática directa e indirecta, y mucolítico, por sus propiedades secretomotoras y expectorantes.Objetivo: Comprobar la efectividad y tolerabilidad de Renikan ® en el tratamiento de las infecciones respiratorias. Materiales y métodos: Diseño abierto y multicéntrico. Se seleccionaron niños de 6 a 12 años y adultos de cualquier sexo o raza, con infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior. A los cuales se le suministró Renikan® durante 7 días continuos, se evaluó: evolución de los síntomas, necesidad de uso de antibióticos y la escala de resultados integrativos IMOs.Resultados: Ingresaron un total 305 pacientes, 156 adultos y 149 niños distribuidos en tres grupos de estudio: Rinosinusitis, 97 pacientes, los cuales presentaron mejoría de sus síntomas en un 86% en los adultos y no utilizaron antibióticos en un 86%; los niños mejoraron en un 80%, y no usaron antibióticos en 91%. En el caso de las Amigdalitis hubo 108 pacientes con una mejoría sintomatológica en adultos del 92% y en niños el 89%, no antibióticoterapia en el 86% de los adultos y 93% de los niños y un tercer grupo con Bronquitis constituido por 100 pacientes que reporta mejoría en el 98% los adultos y en el 73% de los niños; la antibioticoterapia dejó de usarse en el 88% de los adultos y en el 96% de los niños. Se disminuyó el uso de terapia concomitante en el 50% de los casos y solo el 0,02% de los pacientes presentaron efectosadversos.Conclusiones: El uso de Renikan® en pacientes con infecciones del tracto respiratorio s<zuperior, demuestra ser seguro y efectivo tanto en adultos como en niños mayores de 6 años. El uso de Renikan® reduce las complicaciones bacterianas y reduce la necesidad de uso de antibióticos para el tratamiento de las infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior.Respiratory tract infections are the most common syndromes at community, there are two types: upper and lower respiratory tract infections. The vast majority are started by a viral infection transforming the land vulnerable into a bacterial infection.The 2/3 of patients is treated from the onset of symptoms with antibiotics, although it is known that this treatment not positively influences the course of the disease. Renikan®, herbal extracted from the root of Pelargonium Sidoides has a threefold mechanism of action: antiviral, antibiotic and mucolytic, antiviral, because it activates the natural antiviral mechanisms of defense; antibacterial, due to its direct and indirect bacteriostatic action and mucolytic, owing to its secretomotory and expectorant properties.Objective: To test the effectiveness and tolerability of Renikan ® in the treatment of respiratory infections.Materials and methods: Open design, multicenter study. We selected children 6-12 years’ age and adults of any sex orrace with upper respiratory tract infections. They received Renikan® for 7 consecutive days, changes in symptoms; necessity of antibiotic use and the Integrative Medicine Outcome scale (IMOS) were evaluated.Results: Of a total of 305 patients, 156 adults and 149 children were divided into three groups: 97 Rhinosinusitis patients, who showed symptoms improvement in 86% of adults and 80% children no antibiotics use in 86% of adults and 91% of children, in 108 Tonsillitis patients, an improvement of symptoms was found in 92% of adults and 89% of children, no antibiotic use were in 86% of adults and 93% of children, and, in a third group consisting of 100 patients with bronchitis, improvement was report in 98% of adults and in 73% of children, no antibiotics were used in 88% of adults and 96% of children. The use of concomitant therapy decreased in 50% of cases and only 0.02% of patients had adverse events.Conclusions: The use of Renikan® use in patients with upper respiratory tract infections was shown to be safe and effective in both adults and children over 6 years of age. The use of Renikan® reduces bacterial complications and the need for antibiotics to treat the upper respiratory tract infections