26 research outputs found
Protein structural differences in Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 of two Heterogynis species as a new approach for species delimitation
Insects are the most diverse group in the animal kingdom, accounting for about two-thirds
of all animals. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) is the most commonly used marker
gene for animal species delineation. However, the accuracy of this approach crucially
depends on the degree of overlap between the intra- and interspecific variations.
Recently, we have identified a new species, Heterogynis serbica sp. n. (Lepidoptera:
Zygaenoidea, Heterogynidae) found on the Mt. Kopaonik, Republic of Serbia, Balkan
Peninsula. This was done by integrating taxonomic approach using morpho-anatomical
characteristics by comparative scanning electron microscopy (SEM), linear wing
morphometry and COI-based DNA barcoding [1]. In this study, we have used a set of
bioinformatics tools available online, to determine the differences in secondary and
tertiary structure of the COI proteins from H. serbica sp. n. and H. zikici. We also compared
the amino acid distribution and COI motif profiles between the two species. Our results
provide strong evidence that protein structure of COI can help with COI-based DNA
barcoding for taxon-specific purposes of species identification and delimitation studies.
Millions of COI DNA sequences deposited in the public domain (which are still growing)
carry huge potential for a comprehensive assessment of genetic variation in COI among
insects by using here described analysis.Book of abstract: 4th Belgrade Bioinformatics Conference, June 19-23, 202
Identifikacija genetskih osobina kukuruza (Zea mays L.) koriÅ”Äenjem genetskih markera
Different genetic markers are used for estimation of breeding material, its characteristics and potential for ultimate aim - heterosis of hybrids. They also point out to the qualitative seed traits at the level of linkage with genes responsible for desirable agronomic traits. This program encompasses testing methodologies for the new seed technology. Genetic analysis of breeding material during certain phases is comprised of isozymic gene expression and degrees of their variability, but it is continued (in order to be evaluated) until determination of presence or absence of some genes existing or introduced for certain traits. Using combination of different molecular methods such as PCR, RAPD and AFLP based on polymorphism of DNA fragments, the definite aim - identification of newly created products of improvement is achieved. Testing of traits of breeding material, its genetic variability and diversity is the first stage in analysis of the maize genome. It is also the condition for determination of presence of certain genes, used for obtaining the ultimate aim - attest of identity of the genotype.RazliÄiti genetski markeri se koriste za tumaÄenje selekcionog materijala njegovih osobina i osnove za krajnji cilj - heterozis hibrida. Oni su takoÄe pokazatelji kvaliteta semena na nivou vezanih gena za odreÄena, tražena agronomska svojstva. Ovaj program ukljuÄuje nove metodologije za testiranje selekcionog i semenskog materijala. Genetske analize biljaka u fazama oplemenjivanja obuhvataju izoenzimsku ekspresiju gena i stepen njihove varijabilnosti, koja se nastavlja do determinacije prisustva ili odsustva gena, odgovornih za odreÄena svojstva. Primenjuje se kombinacija razliÄitih genetsko-molekularnih metoda, kao Å”to su izoenzimi PCR, RAPD, AFLP, RFLP bazirani na polimorfizmu proteina i sekvenci DNK, Äiji je krajnji cilj identifikacija novostvorenih genotipova i njihovo unapreÄenje. UtvrÄivanje osobina selekcionog materijala, njegove genetske varijabilnosti i divergentnosti je prva faza u spoznaji genoma kukuruza. To je takoÄe uslov za determinaciju prisustva odreÄenih gena, potrebnu za postizanje zavrÅ”ne faze, potvrde o identitetu genotipa
Molecular characterization of some lignicolous species from fungal culture collection
Culture collections of microorganisms, including fungi, are strain deposits
recognised as Biological Resource Centers (BRCs) with a great importance in
science, industry and education. Their objective is to preserve the purity,
viability and genomic integrity of every single strain as a member of such
collection. Since improvement of molecular methods nowadays brought many
novel approaches in manipulation with strains of microorganisms, they can
also be useful for characterization of existing stored strains. ITS1 region
in nuclear DNA is preferred barcoding marker for taxon identification, which
can be explained by its great inter-species variability. This paper presents
results from analysing ITS1 region sequences (17) obtained from fungal DNA of
culture collection of autochthonous, lignicolous genera Piptoporus,
Pleurotus, Ganoderma and Schizophyllum cultured on malt agar plates for 14
days at 25Ā°C. BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) was used for
comparison with online databases, while alignment of sequences was made with
MEGA 5.10 software. Morphological determination of species or genus was
confirmed for 13 cultures, while the others were disproved. The resulting
alignment indicated small intra-species variability of ITS1 region and
pointed to it as an ideal marker for verification of fungal culture
collections' authenticity. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br.
III43002 and by the Provincial Secretariat for Science and Technological
Development, Vojvodina, Serbia APV 114-4513592/2013-03: Molecular and
phenotypic diversity of taxa of economical and epidemiological importance,
and endangered and endemic species in Europe
Molecular Technologies in Serbian Lowland Forestry under Climate Changes - Possibilities and Perspectives
Background and Purpose: Vojvodina province, the northern part of the Republic of Serbia, is predominantly lowland agricultural region with over 75% of arable land which in previous years, has been highly impacted by drought. The annual precipitation is lower than 700 mm and it is the limit for the growth and development of natural forest vegetation. Unfortunately, the atmospheric precipitation is still a major source of water for plant biodiversity. Taking these facts into account, it is highly recommended to primarily use the xerothermic tree species, which have a well-developed root system for āclassicalā afforestation. Some species from Salicaceae and Fagaceae like poplars, willows, oaks and beeches are surely the best option for afforestation in temperate zones strongly influenced by drought.
Conclusions: In order to develop stress-based genomic information in Populus and the rest of woody plant species from Vojvodina, an integrated genetic research needs to be done. The aim of this particular paper is to analyse and summarize data regarding stress-based biotechnology perspectives in Vojvodina and to give recommendations for future forest tree breeding. Drought as a strong negative ecological factor must be carefully considered. In order to achieve sustainability, new forest management plans must consider wide approaches, from molecular to ecosystem level
Molecular mechanisms of woody plant species abiotic stress response
Sve uÄestalije i intenzivnije promene faktora spoljaÅ”nje sredine deluju na biljke kao stres. SuoÄene sa ovim promenama biljke su razvile mehanizme tolerancije i adaptacije, koji im omoguÄavaju opstanak. Ovi mehanizmi funkcioniÅ”u na morfoloÅ”kom, fizioloÅ”kom, biohemijskom i molekularnom nivou, meÄusobno su povezani, regulisani i usklaÄeni u integrisani sistem odgovora na promene u životnoj sredini. Mnogi kljuÄni regulatorni i funkcionalni molekuli koji uÄestvuju u odgovoru na abiotiÄki stres su identifikovani i time je otvorena moguÄnost primene novih strategija u upravljanju stresom. Tema ovog rada su molekularni i biohemijski mehanizmi odgovora drvenastih vrsta biljaka na razliÄite tipove abiotiÄkog stresa, sa posebnim osvrtom na topole.More frequent and more intense changes in environmental factors act as a stress on the plants. Faced with these changes, plants have developed mechanisms of tolerance and adaptation, which enable them to survive. These mechanisms operate on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular level, are interconnected, regulated and coordinated in an integrated system response to changes in the environment. Many key regulatory and functional molecules involved in the response to abiotic stress are identified, thus opening the possibility for implementation of new strategies in the stress management. This paper outlines the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of response of woody plants to different types of abiotic stress, with special emphasis on poplars
Relationship among eastern cottonwood genotypes according to early rooting traits
The relationship between twelve genotypes of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) was analyzed according to sixteen early rooting traits and cutting survival. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used on data that were standardized by common and by one alternative way of standardization. Alternative way of standardization (standardization with within-genotype standard deviation instead of standard deviation of genotypesā means) was used in order to emphasize the contribution of genotype to the effect of differences among genotypes on total variation. After bought ways the first principal component had high correlation with the most of rooting traits and cutting survival, while the second was mainly related to the traits of root formation on the basal cut of cutting (wound roots). Three difficult-to-root genotypes (S6-7, S1-3, 129/81) were distinctly grouped against other examined genotypes, by bought principal component and cluster analysis. There was a slight difference in grouping of easy-to-root genotypes (B-229 and PE19/66) among examined ways of standardization
UTJECAJ ONEÄIÅ ÄENOSTI TLA TEÅ KIM METALIMA NA KLONOVE TOPOLA IZ SRBIJE
Oxidative stress is known as disturbed balance between antioxidative protection mechanism and production of reactive oxygen species, which can negatively influence on normal biological and metabolical processes in living organisms, such as poplar species. Phytoremediation is promising biotechnical method of cleaning of polluted soils by various pollutants: heavy metals, organic contaminants, pesticides, oil etc. Until today, poplars showed potential for regenerating polluted soils during phytoremediation process. This study represents results of oxidative stress profiles of three poplar clones (M1, B229 and PE 19/66) shoots from Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, while being treated by different concentration of three heavy metals in soil: Ni3+, Cu2+ and Cd2+. Biochemical parameters of oxidative stress which have been analyzed were: content of soluble proteins, intensity of lipid peroxidation, antioxidative capacity by ferric reducing antioxidative power assay and activity of superoxid dismutase. Results showed that the most acceptable phytoremediation response to heavy metal pollution in soil showed clone M1. Great differences between B229 and PE 19/66 clones were in response on soil heavy metal contamination, directly suggesting of not being suitable for possible phytoremediation application.Oksidacijski stres je poznat kao naruÅ”ena ravnoteža izmeÄu antioksidacijskog mehanizma zaÅ”tite i proizvodnje reaktivnih kisikovih vrsta, Å”to može negativno utjecati na normalne bioloÅ”ke i metaboliÄke procese u živim organizmima, kao na primjer kod topola. U cilju opstanka, aerobni organizmi su stekli mehanizme antioksidacijske zaÅ”tite, gdje su od enzimskih najistraženije aktivnosti antioksidativnih enzima kao Å”to su katalaze, peroksidaze, glutation peroksidaze i superoksid dismutaza. Fitoremedijacija je obeÄavajuÄa biotehniÄka metoda ÄiÅ”Äenja zagaÄenih tala raznim oneÄiÅ”ÄujuÄim tvarima poput: teÅ”kih kovina, organskih kontaminanata, pesticida i dr. Do danas, topole su pokazale potencijal za regeneraciju oneÄiÅ”Äenih tala tijekom fitoremedijacijskog procesa.Biokemijsko profiliranje statusa oksidacijskog stresa u drvenastim biljkama nije Äesto istraživana u Srbiji i stoga je cilj ovoga pokusa bio ispitati utjecaj razliÄitih koncentracija tri jona teÅ”kih kovina, Ni3+, Cu2+ i Cd2+ na razinu oksidacijskog stresa tri klona, dvije razliÄite vrste topole (Populus euramericana-M1; PE 19/66 i B-229 oba Populus deltoides vrsta). Biokemijski parametri za odreÄivanje razine oksidacijskog stresa su: lipidna peroksiĀdacija (LPx), test redukcijske snage željeza (FRAP), superoksid dismutaze (SOD) aktivnost i sadržina topivih bjelanÄevina. Ovi rezultati mogli bi dati smjernice u odabiru klonova iz kolekcije Instituta za nizijsko Å”umarstvo i životnu sredinu Univerziteta u Novom Sadu za buduÄe fitoremedijacijske uporabe ovih genotipova topola. PjeÅ”Äano fluvisol tlo u pokusnim posudama je zagaÄeno razliÄitim tretmanima teÅ”kih kovina, koji su prikazani u tablici 1. Biljni ekstrakti izraÄeni su od 2 g biljnog materijala (izbojci) i homogenizirani s kvarcnim pijeskom i suspenzirani u 10 cm3 0,1 mol/dm3 K2HPO4 pH 7,0. Homogenati su centrifugirani za 10 min na 4000 g (Quy Hai sur., 1975). Sva oÄitavanja apsorbancija za sadržaj topivih proteina, SOD i FRAP odraÄeno pomoÄu Janway UV / VIS spektrofotometra 6505 i za Äitanje koliÄine nastalog MDA koriÅ”ten je viÅ”efrekvencijski Spectrum Termo Corporation.Sve analize izvedene su u tri ponavljanja. StatistiÄka usporedba izmeÄu uzoraka izvedena je u programu Statistica 9, koristeÄi Duncan test, s statistiÄkom znaÄajnosti p <0,05. Dobiveni rezultati prikazani su grafiÄki preko histograma (slike 1. do 4.) i iznad njih su slova koja oznaÄuju statistiÄki znaÄajne razlike izmeÄu rezultata i kontrola (od a do e).Usporedni postotak je izraÄunat prema formuli: Δ (%) = (100 * uzorak / kontrola) ā100, gdje vrijednosti mogu rezultirati pozitivno (+) ako je doÅ”lo do poveÄanja u odnosu na kontrolu i rezultiralo negativno (ā), ako je doÅ”lo do smanjenja u odnosu na kontrolu.TrudiÄ i sur. (2012) analizirali su kroz iste metode okdisacijskog stresa ekstrakte liÅ”Äa i korijena spomenutih klonova topola. UsporeÄujuÄi ove rezultate, B229 klon je kroz liÅ”Äe i korijenje pokazao viÅ”e prihvatljiv antioksidacijski odgovor, dok je, u ovom istraživanju, M1 klon pokazao najprihvatljivije antioksidacijske odgovore kroz ekstrakte izbojaka. Parametri iz PilipoviÄ i sur. (2012), TrudiÄ i sur. (2012) i naÅ”e studije, mogu predstavljati udružen fizioloÅ”ki i antioksidacijski marker sustav za buduÄe razliÄite fitoremedijacijske primjene ovih klonova na tlima oneÄiÅ”Äenim raznim tvarima.Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu ukazati na genotipske specifiÄnosti svih ispitivanih biokemijskih parametara i obilježava klonove topola, kao Å”to je M1 kao primarni, a B229 klon kao potencijalno sljedeÄi u primjeni fitoremedijacije tala oneÄiÅ”Äenih teÅ”kim kovinama. Ipak, za stjecanje novih, dubljih rezultata u vezi s oksidacijskim stresom izazvanim oneÄiÅ”Äavanjem tala teÅ”kim kovinama, potrebne su dalje in vitro antioksidacijske analize
The Genus Heterogynis Rambur, 1866 (Heterogynidae, Lepidoptera): Congruence of Molecular, Morphological and Morphometric Evidence Reveal New Species in Serbia
The Heterogynidae are a small family of moths consisting of a single genus Heterogynis and sixteen described species distributed in the Mediterranean region. A species new to science, Heterogynis serbica sp. nov., is described from the locality of Srebrenac, Mt. Kopaonik, Republic of Serbia, Balkan Peninsula, by applying an integrative taxonomic approach using morpho-anatomical characteristics, wing morphometics and DNA barcoding. Male genitalia, scanning electron micrographs of adult male head anatomy, abdominal tergites/sternites, cocoons and habitats of the closely related species H. serbica sp. nov. and H. zikici are discussed and illustrated. Photographs of adult males and females, cocoons, plants in which the cocoons were found and habitats are shown. Importantly, marked differences in genital structure and other morphological characters were noted. These differences were confirmed with forewing morphometrics and COI-based DNA barcoding results. Additionally, DNA barcodes for H. serbica sp. nov. and H. zikici were compared against previously available data for the genus to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships. We conclude that deep, previously unknown and unexpected intrageneric morphological diversity exists in the genus Heterogynis.The authors wish to express their gratitude to Goran AnaĖckov, a Director of The Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, for his support; he enabled the usage of the equipment in the University Center for Electronic Microscopy (UCEM-NS), at the University of Novi Sad for this research. The authors are also very grateful to the Director and the Executive Director of the National Park āKopaonikā Bojan MilovanoviĀ“c and Predrag Å umarac for their long-term cooperation and support in this research. Finally, the authors deeply appreciate the support from Vladimir ŽikiĀ“c, from the University of NiÅ”, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, who has kindly provided the analysed samples of H. zikici
Antioxidative response of poplar tissue culture exposed to peg 6000
The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the water deficit in poplar tissue culture (M-1 genotype) through proline content, level of lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidative enzymes. Plants were exposed to PEG 6000 (100 and 200 mOsm) in in vitro conditions for 6 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content showed an increase only at 200 mOsm stress. Under the 100 mOsm stress, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities were induces indicating their important role in elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under the 200 mOsm stress, superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase activities were induced