65 research outputs found
Simulation des écoulements à surface libre dans les turbines Pelton par une méthode hybride SPH-ALE
International audienceAn Arbitrary Lagrange Euler (ALE) description of fluid flows is used together with the meshless numerical method Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) to simulate free surface flows. The ALE description leads to an hybrid method that can be closely connected to the finite volume approach. It is then possible to adapt some common techniques like upwind schemes and preconditioning to remedy some of the well known drawbacks of SPH like stability and accuracy. An efficient boundary treatment based on a proper upwinding of fluid information at the boundary surface is settled. The resulting SPH-ALE numerical method is applied to simulate free surface flows encountered in Pelton turbines.La méthode numérique sans maillage Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) est modifiée par l'adoption d'une description Arbitrary Lagrange Euler (ALE) des écoulements fluides, dans le but de simuler des écoulements à surface libre. Le formalisme ALE conduit à une méthode numérique hybride s'apparentant sur de nombreux points à une approche volumes finis. Il est alors possible d'adapter des techniques numériques courantes comme les schémas décentrés et le préconditionnement pour résoudre certains défauts majeurs de la méthode SPH, comme la stabilité numérique ou le manque de précision. Par ailleurs, le traitement des conditions limites est réalisé par un décentrement approprié des informations fluides sur les surfaces frontières. La méthode numérique SPH-ALE résultante est appliquée à la simulation d'écoulements à surface libre tels que ceux rencontrés dans les turbines Pelton
A Spitzer/IRAC Census of the Asymptotic Giant Branch Populations in Local Group Dwarfs. I. WLM
We present Spitzer/IRAC observations at 3.6 and 4.5 microns along with
optical data from the Local Group Galaxies Survey to investigate the evolved
stellar population of the Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy WLM. These
observations provide a nearly complete census of the asymptotic giant branch
(AGB) stars. We find 39% of the infrared-detected AGB stars are not detected in
the optical data, even though our 50% completeness limit is three magnitudes
fainter than the red giant branch tip. An additional 4% of the
infrared-detected AGBs are misidentified in the optical, presumably due to
reddening by circumstellar dust. We also compare our results with those of a
narrow-band optical carbon star survey of WLM, and find the latter study
sensitive to only 18% of the total AGB population. We detect objects with
infrared fluxes consistent with them being mass-losing AGB stars, and derive a
present day total mass-loss rate from the AGB stars of 0.7-2.4 x 10^(-3) solar
masses per year. The distribution of mass-loss rates and bolometric
luminosities of AGBs and red supergiants are very similar to those in the LMC
and SMC and the empirical maximum mass-loss rate observed in the LMC and SMC is
in excellent agreement with our WLM data.Comment: Accepted by ApJ, 34 pages, 13 figures, version with high-resolution
figures available at: http://webusers.astro.umn.edu/~djackson
Serum-Nutrient Starvation Induces Cell Death Mediated by Bax and Puma That Is Counteracted by p21 and Unmasked by Bcl-xL Inhibition
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (p21WAF1/Cip1) is a multifunctional protein known to promote cell cycle arrest and survival in response to p53-dependent and p53 independent stimuli. We herein investigated whether and how it might contribute to the survival of cancer cells that are in low-nutrient conditions during tumour growth, by culturing isogenic human colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116) and breast cancer cell lines in a medium deprived in amino acids and serum. We show that such starvation enhances, independently from p53, the expression of p21 and that of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein Puma. Under these conditions, p21 prevents Puma and its downstream effector Bax from triggering the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This anti-apoptotic effect is exerted from the cytosol but it is unrelated to the ability of p21 to interfere with the effector caspase 3. The survival function of p21 is, however, overcome by RNA interference mediated Bcl-xL depletion, or by the pharmacological inhibitor ABT-737. Thus, an insufficient supply in nutrients may not have an overt effect on cancer cell viability due to p21 induction, but it primes these cells to die, and sensitizes them to the deleterious effects of Bcl-xL inhibitors regardless of their p53 status
Summability of the solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations with right-hand side measures.
Convergence d\u27un schéma décentré amont sur un maillage triangulaire pour un problème hyperbolique linéaire
Problems involving -Laplacian type equations and measures
summary:In this paper I discuss two questions on -Laplacian type operators: I characterize sets that are removable for Hölder continuous solutions and then discuss the problem of existence and uniqueness of solutions to with zero boundary values; here is a Radon measure. The joining link between the problems is the use of equations involving measures
Convergence d'un schéma décentré amont sur un maillage triangulaire pour un problème hyperbolique linéaire
- …