2 research outputs found
Arnica montana : évaluation des ressources génétiques françaises en vue du développement de la culture en plaine et en montagne
Ce volume regroupe les textes issus du programme Casdar "Innovation et Partenariat" et "Recherche finalisĂ©e et innovation" de 2013. Le colloque de restitution sâest dĂ©roulĂ© le 6 fĂ©vrier 2019 sous lâĂ©gide du GIS Relance AgronomiqueArnica montana is a major medicinal specie, which is now mainly produced from wild harvesting,especially in mainland France. As the wild resource is decreasing, and in order to maintain or even Gourlin L. et al. 68 Innovations Agronomiques 71 (2019), 67-80 develop the French production, cultivation is a good option, that is still very limited, because of its difficulty. Finding the right plant material could help to enhance cultivation programs. This project aimed at growing 24 wild populations, which were collected in mainland France, and to compare them with 2 commercial varieties, âArboâ and âArnimedâ. This was set on 4 experimentation spots, chosen for their potential match for Arnica cultivation. The experiment lasted 3 years, and morphological andagronomical subjects were studied on the populations. Sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoidsanalyzed, and a new methodology of evaluation was developed. The results showed extreme variabilityof phenotypic and chemical expression of the different populations. An important death rate has beennoticed on wild populations, but the causes are still unknown. On the set of variables chosen,commercial varieties âArboâ and âArnimedâ were particularly competitive, and two wild populations standout with promising results. One seems appropriate for starting selection works on a variety that would besuitable for loaw altitude, and the other one could be a local (French) alternative to the cultivation ofselected varieties (âArboâ and âArnimedâ are from Swiss and German selection work).Lâarnica des montagnes est une espĂšce mĂ©dicinale importante dont la production est principalementissue de la cueillette Ă lâĂ©tat sauvage, notamment sur le territoire mĂ©tropolitain. La ressource Ă©tant enrĂ©gression, le maintien, voire le dĂ©veloppement de la production française passe donc par la mise enculture, actuellement anecdotique car difficile. Certains freins pourraient ĂȘtre levĂ©s par la mise enĂ©vidence de matĂ©riel vĂ©gĂ©tal adaptĂ© Ă la production. Lâobjectif de ce projet Ă©tait de mettre en culture 24populations dâorigines sauvages (prospectĂ©es en France mĂ©tropolitaine) et de les comparer Ă deuxvariĂ©tĂ©s commerciales tĂ©moins âArboâ et âArnimedâ, sur 4 sites dâexpĂ©rimentation aux contextespĂ©doclimatiques variĂ©s mais a priori adaptĂ©s Ă la culture de lâespĂšce. Durant les 3 annĂ©es dâessai, unsuivi morphologique et agronomique des populations a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©. Des analyses des sesquiterpĂšneslactones et flavonoĂŻdes ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es, et une nouvelle mĂ©thodologie de dosage de ces composĂ©s aĂ©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e. Les rĂ©sultats mettent en exergue la forte variabilitĂ© de lâexpression phĂ©notypique etchimique des diffĂ©rentes souches testĂ©es. Une forte mortalitĂ© globale a pu ĂȘtre constatĂ©e surlâensemble des populations sauvages Ă©tudiĂ©es sans que les causes aient pu en ĂȘtre identifiĂ©es. Surlâensemble des variables suivies, les variĂ©tĂ©s commerciales âArboâ et âArnimedâ sont particuliĂšrementperformantes, et deux populations sauvages se dĂ©marquent par leurs rĂ©sultats intĂ©ressants : lâuneparait pertinente pour dĂ©marrer des travaux de sĂ©lection dâune variĂ©tĂ© adaptĂ©e Ă la basse altitude,tandis que lâautre, originaire du Massif central, pourrait se proposer comme une alternative dâoriginelocale (française) Ă la culture de variĂ©tĂ©s commerciales sĂ©lectionnĂ©es (suisse et allemande)