Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke

The role of physical activity in the prevention of stroke is of great interest due to the high mortality and significant impact of stroke-related morbidity on the individual and on healthcare resources. The use of physical activity as a therapeutic strategy to maximise functional recovery in the rehabilitation of stroke survivors has a growing evidence base. This narrative review examines the existing literature surrounding the use of exercise and physical therapy in the primary and secondary prevention of stroke. It explores the effect of gender, exercise intensities and the duration of observed benefit. It details the most recent evidence for physical activity in improving functional outcome in stroke patients. The review summaries the current guidelines and recommendations for exercise therapy and highlights areas in which further research and investigation would be useful to determine optimal exercise prescription for effective prevention and rehabilitation in stroke

Evaluation of the Functional Status Questionnaire in Heart Failure: A Sub-study of the Second Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Survival Study (CIBIS-II)

We evaluated a generic quality of life (QoL) Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ), in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The FSQ assesses the 3 main dimensions of QoL: physical functioning, mental health and social role. It also includes 6 single item questions about: work status, frequency of social interactions, satisfaction with sexual relationships, days in bed, days with restricted activity and overall satisfaction with health status. The FSQ was compared to the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire (MLwHF). The FSQ was evaluated in a substudy (n = 340) of the second Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Survival study (CIBIS-II), a placebo-controlled mortality trial. 265 patients (75%) patients completed both questionnaires at 6 months of follow-up. Both questionnaires indicated substantially impaired QoL. The FSQ demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.7 for all items except "social activity"aEuro parts per thousand= 0.66) and construct and concurrent validity. After 6 months, the only item on either questionnaire to show a difference between the placebo- and bisoprolol-treatment groups was the single item FSQ question about "days in bed" (p = 0.018 in favour of bisoprolol). The FSQ performed well in this study, provided additional information to the MLwHF questionnaire and allowed interesting comparisons with other chronic medical conditions. The FSQ may be a useful general QoL instrument for studies in CHF