Dynamic of Specific Structure of the Zooplanktoncoenoses in the Middle Volga Water Reservoirs Area while Generation and Development

На основе единого представления видовой структуры зоопланктоценозов в многомерном пространстве численности видов дан анализ формирования и развития зоопланктонных сообществ водохранилищ Средней Волги. С использованием кластерного анализа в многомерном пространстве выделены основные зоопланктоценозы Чебоксарского и Горьковского водохранилищ. Для определения изменений видовой структуры зоопланктоценозов предложено использовать векторы её годовых перестроек. На их основе проведён анализ многолетней динамики видовой структуры зоопланктоценозов, оценены скорости и направления перестройки видовой структуры сообществ зоопланктона.The zooplankton communities generation and development in the middle Volga water reservoirs area are analyzed. Using method of the multivariate analysis has allowed presenting species structure of the zooplanktocoenoses the integrated image - vector of multidimensional system. Use of a method of cluster analysis has allowed to reveal the main zooplankton communities of Cheboksarskoe and Gorkovskoe reservoirs. The vectors of annual changes are offered to use for zooplanktocoenoses species structure dynamic investigation. It has allowed to reveal the rates and directions of development the species structure of the zooplanktocoenoses

Dynamic of Specific Structure of the Zooplanktoncoenoses in the Middle Volga Water Reservoirs Area while Generation and Development

На основе единого представления видовой структуры зоопланктоценозов в многомерном пространстве численности видов дан анализ формирования и развития зоопланктонных сообществ водохранилищ Средней Волги. С использованием кластерного анализа в многомерном пространстве выделены основные зоопланктоценозы Чебоксарского и Горьковского водохранилищ. Для определения изменений видовой структуры зоопланктоценозов предложено использовать векторы её годовых перестроек. На их основе проведён анализ многолетней динамики видовой структуры зоопланктоценозов, оценены скорости и направления перестройки видовой структуры сообществ зоопланктона.The zooplankton communities generation and development in the middle Volga water reservoirs area are analyzed. Using method of the multivariate analysis has allowed presenting species structure of the zooplanktocoenoses the integrated image - vector of multidimensional system. Use of a method of cluster analysis has allowed to reveal the main zooplankton communities of Cheboksarskoe and Gorkovskoe reservoirs. The vectors of annual changes are offered to use for zooplanktocoenoses species structure dynamic investigation. It has allowed to reveal the rates and directions of development the species structure of the zooplanktocoenoses

Genotoxicity of Natural Water during the Mass Development of Cyanobacteria Evaluated by the Allium Test Method: A Model Experiment with Microcosms

Cyanobacteria, which develop abundantly in aquatic ecosystems, can be harmful to humans and animals not only by releasing toxins that cause poisoning but also by provoking cytogenetic effects. The influence of the mass development of cyanobacteria on the genotoxic properties of natural water has been studied in model ecosystems (microcosms) with different compositions of biotic components (zooplankton, amphipods and fish). The validated plant test system “Allium test” was used in this study. Genotoxic effects were detected at microcystin concentrations below those established by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. In all experimental treatments, cells with disorders such as polyploidy and mitotic abnormalities associated with damage to the mitotic spindle, including c-mitosis, as well as lagging chromosomes were found. Genotoxic effects were associated with the abundance of cyanobacteria, which, in turn, depended on the composition of aquatic organisms in the experimental ecosystem. Fish, to a greater extent than other aquatic animals, maintain an abundance of cyanobacteria. After one month, in microcosms with fish, mitotic abnormalities and polyploidy continued to be detected, whereas in other treatments, there were no statistically significant genotoxic effects. In microcosms with amphipods, the number and biomass of cyanobacteria decreased to the greatest extent, and only one parameter of genotoxic activity (frequency of polyploidy) significantly differed from the control