Binding Ability of Carbazolylphenyl Dendrimers with Zinc (II) Tetraphenylporphyrin Core towards Cryptands

The processes of complexation of the Zn-tetraarylporphyrins with eight 4-(4-(3,6-bis(t-butyl)carbazol-9-yl-phenyl)-1,2,3-triazole (ZnP1) and eight 4-(4-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9-H-carbazol-9-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl (ZnP2)with the 1,10-diaza-4,7,13,18tetraoxabicyclo[8.5.5]eicosane (L1),1,10-diaza-4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane (L2)and 1,10-diaza-5,6,14,15-dibenzo-4,7,13,16,21,24 hexaoxabicyclo[8.8.8] hexacosane (L3) were investigated by the method of spectrophotometric titration and 1H NMR-spectroscopy. We determined the structures of the host-guest complexes, and their stability constants in toluene were calculated. It was found out that the ZnP1 interacts with the guest molecules L1, L2 with the formation of stable "nest" type complexes and does not form similar complexes with the L3 (presumably due to the fact that the L3 does not match the size of the porphyrin ZnP(1) cavity). On the other hand, the porphyrin ZnP2 binds all of the ligands L1-L3, however complexes thus formed are less stable than complexes ZnP1-L1, ZnP1-L2. In the report, we will also discuss the influence of the alkali cations additives on the stability of the complexes between the porphyrin ZnP1, ZnP2 hosts and guest molecules of the ligands L1-L3

Macrocyclic Receptors for Identification and Selective Binding of Substrates of Different Nature

Molecular recognition of host/guest molecules represents the basis of many biological processes and phenomena. Enzymatic catalysis and inhibition, immunological response, reproduction of genetic information, biological regulatory functions, the effects of drugs, and ion transfer—all these processes include the stage of structure recognition during complexation. The goal of this review is to solicit and publish the latest advances in the design and sensing and binding abilities of porphyrin-based heterotopic receptors with well-defined geometries, the recognition ability of which is realized due to ionic, H-bridge, charge transfer, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic interactions. The dissection of the considered low-energy processes at the molecular scale expands our capabilities in the development of effective systems for controlled recognition, selective delivery, and prolonged release of substrates of different natures (including drugs) to their sites of functioning

Molecular Recognition of Imidazole-Based Drug Molecules by Cobalt(III)- and Zinc(II)-Coproporphyrins in Aqueous Media

The methods of 1H NMR, spectrophotometric titration, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis are applied to determine the selective binding ability of Co(III)- and Zn(II)-coproporphyrins I towards a series of imidazole-based drug molecules with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity (metronidazole, histamine, histidine, tinidazole, mercazolil, and pilocarpine) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) simulating the blood plasma environment. It is shown that in aqueous buffer media, Co(III)-coproporphyrin I, unlike Zn(II)-coproporphyrin I, binds two imidazole derivatives, and the stability of mono-axial Co-coproporphyrin imidazole complexes is two to three orders of magnitude higher than that of similar complexes of Zn-coproporphyrin I. The studied porphyrinates are found to have the highest binding ability to histamine and histidine due to the formation of two additional hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl groups of the porphyrinate side chains and the binding sites of the ligands in the case of histidine and a hydrogen bond between the amino group of the ligand and the carbonyl oxygen atom of the carboxyl group of the porphyrinate in the case of histamine. The structures of the resulting complexes are optimized by DFT quantum chemical calculations. The results of these studies may be of use in the design of biosensors, including those for the detection, control and verification of various veterinary drug residues in human food samples

Solubility of Alkylporphyrins

The solubility in benzene and ethanol of 2,8,12,18-tetramethyl-3,7,13,17-tetrabuthylporphyrin with various substituents in the5,15-positions of the molecule is investigated. A comparative analysis of the influence of alkyl substituents on porphyrin solubility is carried out

Molecular Recognition of Imidazole Derivatives by Co(III)-Porphyrins in Phosphate Buffer (pH = 7.4) and Cetylpyridinium Chloride Containing Solutions

By means of spectrophotometric titration and NMR spectroscopy, the selective binding ability of the Co(III)-5,15-bis-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-10,20-bis-(4-sulfophenyl)porphyrin (Co(III)P1) and Co(III)-5,15-bis-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-10,20-bis-(4-sulfophenyl)porphyrin (Co(III)P2) towards imidazole derivatives of various nature (imidazole (L1), metronidazole (L2), and histamine (L3)) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) has been studied. It was found that in the case of L2, L3 the binding of the “first” ligand molecule by porphyrinates Co(III)P1 and Co(III)P2 occurs with the formation of complexes with two binding sites (donor–acceptor bond at the center and hydrogen bond at the periphery of the macrocycle), while the “second” ligand molecule is added to the metalloporphyrin only due to the formation of the donor–acceptor bond at the macrocycle coordination center. The formation of stable complexes with two binding sites has been confirmed by density functional theory method (DFT) quantum chemical calculations and two-dimensional NMR experiments. It was shown that among the studied porphyrinates, Co(III)P2 is more selective towards to L1-L3 ligands, and localization of cobalt porphyrinates in cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) micelles does not prevent the studied imidazole derivatives reversible binding. The obtained materials can be used to develop effective receptors for recognition, delivery, and prolonged release of drug compounds to the sites of their functioning. Considering that cetylpyridinium chloride is a widely used cationic biocide as a disinfectant, the designed materials may also prove to be effective antimicrobial agents

Molecular Recognition of Imidazole Derivatives by Co(III)-Porphyrins in Phosphate Buffer (pH = 7.4) and Cetylpyridinium Chloride Containing Solutions

By means of spectrophotometric titration and NMR spectroscopy, the selective binding ability of the Co(III)-5,15-bis-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-10,20-bis-(4-sulfophenyl)porphyrin (Co(III)P1) and Co(III)-5,15-bis-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-10,20-bis-(4-sulfophenyl)porphyrin (Co(III)P2) towards imidazole derivatives of various nature (imidazole (L1), metronidazole (L2), and histamine (L3)) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) has been studied. It was found that in the case of L2, L3 the binding of the “first” ligand molecule by porphyrinates Co(III)P1 and Co(III)P2 occurs with the formation of complexes with two binding sites (donor–acceptor bond at the center and hydrogen bond at the periphery of the macrocycle), while the “second” ligand molecule is added to the metalloporphyrin only due to the formation of the donor–acceptor bond at the macrocycle coordination center. The formation of stable complexes with two binding sites has been confirmed by density functional theory method (DFT) quantum chemical calculations and two-dimensional NMR experiments. It was shown that among the studied porphyrinates, Co(III)P2 is more selective towards to L1-L3 ligands, and localization of cobalt porphyrinates in cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) micelles does not prevent the studied imidazole derivatives reversible binding. The obtained materials can be used to develop effective receptors for recognition, delivery, and prolonged release of drug compounds to the sites of their functioning. Considering that cetylpyridinium chloride is a widely used cationic biocide as a disinfectant, the designed materials may also prove to be effective antimicrobial agents

Synthesis and Design of Hybrid Metalloporphyrin Polymers Based on Palladium (II) and Copper (II) Cations and Axial Complexes of Pyridyl-Substituted Sn(IV)Porphyrins with Octopamine

Supramolecular metalloporphyrin polymers formed by binding tetrapyrrolic macrocycle peripheral nitrogen atoms to Pd(II) cations and Sn(IV)porphyrins extra-ligands reaction centers to Cu(II) cations were obtained and identified. The structure and the formation mechanism of obtained hydrophobic Sn(IV)-porphyrin oligomers and polymers in solution were established, and their resistance to UV radiation and changes in solution temperature was studied. It was shown that the investigated polyporphyrin nanostructures are porous materials with predominance cylindrical mesopores. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to geometrically optimize the experimentally obtained supramolecular porphyrin polymers. The sizes of unit cells in porphyrin tubular structures were determined and coincided with the experimental data. The results obtained can be used to create highly porous materials for separation, storage, transportation, and controlled release of substrates of different nature, including highly volatile, explosive, and toxic gases

Correction: Mamardashvili et al. New Polyporphyrin Arrays with Controlled Fluorescence Obtained by Diaxial Sn(IV)-Porphyrin Phenolates Chelation with Cu²⁺ Cation. <i>Polymers</i> 2021, <i>13</i>, 829

In the original publication [...

Binding ability of first and second generation/carbazolylphenyl dendrimers with Zn(II) tetraphenylporphyrin core towards small heterocyclic substrates

A study of complex formation of Zn(II) tetraarylporphyrin dendrimers with carbazolylphenyl branches towards 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]octane, pyridine, imidazole, N-methylimidazole and 1,2,3-triazole was carried out by spectrophotometric and H-1 NMR titration methods. It has been shown that the binding ability of the porphyrin receptors towards mono and bidentate N-containing substrates depends on the nature, number and generation of the branches. Bulky substituents are able either to significantly reduce the binding ability of the tetrapyrrolic cores due to the shielding of the porphyrin reaction centres, or to significantly increase it by forming intramolecular cavities for complementary binding of substrates. It has been determined that due to a good geometric match of the ligand's size with the size of the intramolecular cavities of the porphyrin receptors, and by the existence of additional hydrogen bonding and/or pi-pi interactions between the ligand and the triazole fragments of the porphyrin the Zn-tetraarylporphyrins with eight 4-carbazolylphenyl-1,2,3-triazole end groups of the first and the second generations could be used as effective receptors for imidazole, N-methylimidazole and 1,2,3-triazole. Taking into account the fact that binding is accompanied by a clear and easily identifiable response in the UV-Vis spectra of the reaction mixture, these metalloporphyrins could be considered as molecular optical sensing devices for small heterocyclic substrates

Micelles encapsulated Cо(III).-tetra(4-sulfophenyl).porphyrin in aqueous CTAB solutions: Micelle formation, imidazole binding and redox Co(III)./Co(II). processes

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