34 research outputs found

    Trade Reforms and Industry Wage Premium: Evidence from Argentina

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    This paper studies the impact of Argentina trade liberalization during the nineties on the industry wage premium structure. We find that accounting for unobserved timeinvariant industry characteristics is crucial. When we do not control for industry fixed effects, we find that workers in protected sectors receive lower wages. However, introducing industry fixed effects reverses the results; tariff protection creates sector specific rents that are in part translated to workers in terms of greater wages. Since Argentina鈥檚 tariff structure during this period protected relatively more sectors employing higher proportions of skilled workers, nineties trade policy may have had an adverse effect on Argentina鈥檚 income distribution.Este trabajo estudia el impacto de la liberalizaci贸n comercial argentina en los noventa sobre la estructura de las primas salariales sectoriales. Encontramos que resulta crucial controlar por caracter铆sticas sectoriales inobservables e invariantes en el tiempo. Cuando no incluimos efectos fijos por industrias, encontramos que los trabajadores en sectores protegidos reciben menores salarios. Al incluirlos se revierten los resultados; la protecci贸n crea rentas sectoriales que se trasladan a los trabajadores v铆a mayores salarios. Como la estructura tarifaria argentina durante este per铆odo protegi贸 relativamente m谩s a sectores calificados, la pol铆tica comercial podr铆a haber tenido un efecto adverso en la distribuci贸n del ingreso.Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociale

    Trade Reforms and Industry Wage Premium: Evidence from Argentina

    Get PDF
    This paper studies the impact of Argentina trade liberalization during the nineties on the industry wage premium structure. We find that accounting for unobserved timeinvariant industry characteristics is crucial. When we do not control for industry fixed effects, we find that workers in protected sectors receive lower wages. However, introducing industry fixed effects reverses the results; tariff protection creates sector specific rents that are in part translated to workers in terms of greater wages. Since Argentina鈥檚 tariff structure during this period protected relatively more sectors employing higher proportions of skilled workers, nineties trade policy may have had an adverse effect on Argentina鈥檚 income distribution.Este trabajo estudia el impacto de la liberalizaci贸n comercial argentina en los noventa sobre la estructura de las primas salariales sectoriales. Encontramos que resulta crucial controlar por caracter铆sticas sectoriales inobservables e invariantes en el tiempo. Cuando no incluimos efectos fijos por industrias, encontramos que los trabajadores en sectores protegidos reciben menores salarios. Al incluirlos se revierten los resultados; la protecci贸n crea rentas sectoriales que se trasladan a los trabajadores v铆a mayores salarios. Como la estructura tarifaria argentina durante este per铆odo protegi贸 relativamente m谩s a sectores calificados, la pol铆tica comercial podr铆a haber tenido un efecto adverso en la distribuci贸n del ingreso.Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociale

    Income Distribution in Latin America: The Evolution in the Last 20 Years: A Global Approach

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    While Latin America has historically been considered a region of very high inequality, the performance of most Latin American countries in terms of reduction of income inequality has been remarkable good in the first decade of this century. Given that those improvements took place in a context of rising inequality in most of the world, the evolution of income inequality in the region has caught the attention of researchers and policy makers around the world. Taking advantage of a large database of comparable microdata from household surveys, this article updates the evidence on the trends of income inequality in all Latin American countries for the period 1992-2015. It also provides an analysis of how the distinctive evolution of income inequality in this century in Latin America has changed the position of the different countries of the region in both, the global distribution of income in the world and the global distribution of income in Latin America. Finally, the paper decomposes the evolution of income inequality in several countries of the region, discussing the role played by several factors on that evolution.Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociales (CEDLAS

    Income Distribution in Latin America: The Evolution in the Last 20 Years: A Global Approach

    Get PDF
    While Latin America has historically been considered a region of very high inequality, the performance of most Latin American countries in terms of reduction of income inequality has been remarkable good in the first decade of this century. Given that those improvements took place in a context of rising inequality in most of the world, the evolution of income inequality in the region has caught the attention of researchers and policy makers around the world. Taking advantage of a large database of comparable microdata from household surveys, this article updates the evidence on the trends of income inequality in all Latin American countries for the period 1992-2015. It also provides an analysis of how the distinctive evolution of income inequality in this century in Latin America has changed the position of the different countries of the region in both, the global distribution of income in the world and the global distribution of income in Latin America. Finally, the paper decomposes the evolution of income inequality in several countries of the region, discussing the role played by several factors on that evolution.Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociales (CEDLAS

    Income Distribution in Latin America: The Evolution in the Last 20 Years: A Global Approach

    Get PDF
    While Latin America has historically been considered a region of very high inequality, the performance of most Latin American countries in terms of reduction of income inequality has been remarkable good in the first decade of this century. Given that those improvements took place in a context of rising inequality in most of the world, the evolution of income inequality in the region has caught the attention of researchers and policy makers around the world. Taking advantage of a large database of comparable microdata from household surveys, this article updates the evidence on the trends of income inequality in all Latin American countries for the period 1992-2015. It also provides an analysis of how the distinctive evolution of income inequality in this century in Latin America has changed the position of the different countries of the region in both, the global distribution of income in the world and the global distribution of income in Latin America. Finally, the paper decomposes the evolution of income inequality in several countries of the region, discussing the role played by several factors on that evolution.Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociales (CEDLAS

    Estructura productiva y retornos a la educaci贸n: Evidencia para Am茅rica Latina

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    Este trabajo estudia la evoluci贸n de las primas salariales por nivel educativo y su relaci贸n con la estructura productiva para diecis茅is pa铆ses de Am茅rica Latina, utilizando datos de encuestas de hogares y de cuentas nacionales en el per铆odo 1991-2015. La evidencia presentada sugiere que el cambio en la estructura productiva es un factor relevante para dar cuenta de la din谩mica de la desigualdad salarial. En particular, cuando crece la participaci贸n en el valor agregado de los sectores m谩s intensivos en trabajo calificado, aumentan significativamente las primas salariales por educaci贸n.Facultad de Ciencias Econ贸mica

    Trade Reforms and Industry Wage Premium: Evidence from Argentina

    Get PDF
    This paper studies the impact of Argentina trade liberalization during the nineties on the industry wage premium structure. We find that accounting for unobserved timeinvariant industry characteristics is crucial. When we do not control for industry fixed effects, we find that workers in protected sectors receive lower wages. However, introducing industry fixed effects reverses the results; tariff protection creates sector specific rents that are in part translated to workers in terms of greater wages. Since Argentina鈥檚 tariff structure during this period protected relatively more sectors employing higher proportions of skilled workers, nineties trade policy may have had an adverse effect on Argentina鈥檚 income distribution.Este trabajo estudia el impacto de la liberalizaci贸n comercial argentina en los noventa sobre la estructura de las primas salariales sectoriales. Encontramos que resulta crucial controlar por caracter铆sticas sectoriales inobservables e invariantes en el tiempo. Cuando no incluimos efectos fijos por industrias, encontramos que los trabajadores en sectores protegidos reciben menores salarios. Al incluirlos se revierten los resultados; la protecci贸n crea rentas sectoriales que se trasladan a los trabajadores v铆a mayores salarios. Como la estructura tarifaria argentina durante este per铆odo protegi贸 relativamente m谩s a sectores calificados, la pol铆tica comercial podr铆a haber tenido un efecto adverso en la distribuci贸n del ingreso.Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociale

    Estructura productiva y desigualdad salarial: evidencia para Am茅rica Latina

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    Este trabajo estudia la evoluci贸n de las brechas salariales por nivel educativo y su relaci贸n con la estructura productiva para 16 pa铆ses de Am茅rica Latina, utilizando microdatos de encuestas de hogares e informaci贸n de Cuentas Nacionales en el per铆odo 1991-2015. La evidencia sugiere que el cambio en la estructura productiva est谩 estrechamente correlacionado con la din谩mica de la desigualdad salarial en la regi贸n. En particular, cuando crece la participaci贸n en el valor agregado de los sectores m谩s intensivos en trabajo calificado, aumentan significativamente las brechas salariales por educaci贸n.This paper studies the evolution of skill premia and its relationship with the productive structure for sixteen countries in Latin America, using microdata from household surveys and information from National Accounts for the period 1991-2015. The evidence suggests that the change in the productive structure is significantly correlated to the dynamics of wage inequality. In particular, when the share in total value added of sectors that are more intensive in high-skilled labor grows, the skill premium increases significantly.Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociales (CEDLAS

    Estructura productiva y desigualdad salarial: evidencia para Am茅rica Latina

    Get PDF
    Este trabajo estudia la evoluci贸n de las brechas salariales por nivel educativo y su relaci贸n con la estructura productiva para 16 pa铆ses de Am茅rica Latina, utilizando microdatos de encuestas de hogares e informaci贸n de Cuentas Nacionales en el per铆odo 1991-2015. La evidencia sugiere que el cambio en la estructura productiva est谩 estrechamente correlacionado con la din谩mica de la desigualdad salarial en la regi贸n. En particular, cuando crece la participaci贸n en el valor agregado de los sectores m谩s intensivos en trabajo calificado, aumentan significativamente las brechas salariales por educaci贸n.This paper studies the evolution of skill premia and its relationship with the productive structure for sixteen countries in Latin America, using microdata from household surveys and information from National Accounts for the period 1991-2015. The evidence suggests that the change in the productive structure is significantly correlated to the dynamics of wage inequality. In particular, when the share in total value added of sectors that are more intensive in high-skilled labor grows, the skill premium increases significantly.Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociales (CEDLAS

    Frecuencia de infecci贸n de las v铆as urinarias en el embarazo

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    El objetivo del trabajo fue describir las caracter铆sticas epidemiol贸gicas de la infecci贸n urinaria en embarazadas, sus s铆ntomas, causas, efectos y determinar la prevalencia de IVU en embarazadas. La Infecci贸n del tracto urinario o infecci贸n urinaria (ITU) es una patolog铆a frecuente en las embarazadas a nivel mundial. El m茅todo elegido fue una revisi贸n bibliogr谩fica integrativa. Para la selecci贸n de los art铆culos se utiliz贸 una b煤squeda fue con varias palabras claves que incluyeron: infecci贸n urinaria, mujeres, diagn贸stico, incidencia, mortalidad, costo, recurrencia, prevenci贸n, sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos y factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de las IVU en el embarazas. Las IVU ocurren en gran n煤mero en mujeres adolescentes, increment谩ndose marcadamente su incidencia despu茅s del inicio de la vida sexual activa. Los resultados mostraron que la edad de las mujeres embarazadas muy j贸venes y con un perfil socioecon贸mico puede influir en ocurrencia de la IVU. Los agentes etiol贸gicos aislados m谩s comunes fueron: Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus. Todas las pacientes con IVU presentaron manifestaciones cl铆nicas, principalmente nicturia, polaquiuria, dolor en flanco y orina oscura. Se concluye que las manifestaciones de IVU pueden ser poco confiables durante la gestaci贸n debido al gran porcentaje de embarazadas que presentaron s铆ntomas sugestivos, pero urocultivo negativo
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