Aplicación de la técnica animación digital en el desarrollo de la expresión y comprensión oral de niños y niñas de 5 años del nivel inicial en la institución educativa N° 811 Cusibamba Baja, del distrito de Ccorca, provincia de Cusco 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo, “Determinar de qué manera contribuye la técnica de animación digital en el desarrollo de la expresión y comprensión oral de niños y niñas de 5 años del Nivel Inicial en la institución educativa N° 811 Cusibamba Baja, del distrito de Ccorca, provincia de Cusco 2020. En el estudio se evidencia la importancia que tiene la animación digital en el desarrollo de la expresión y comprensión oral. Este estudio corresponde a una investigación de tipo experimental, en una población de 15 niños y niñas participantes; para el cual se ha elaborado una ficha de observación con 15 ítems. Posterior a la aplicación de los instrumentos de recojo de datos del pre test y post test, se organizó y proceso la información a través del programa de cálculos estadísticos. Los resultados del estudio indican que los niños y niñas tienen un nivel de aceptación para animar sus dibujos en el aplicativo Stop motion. Con esta técnica mejoró significativamente la elocución del estudiante participando con entusiasmo dando sus opiniones con claridad. Después de la aplicación de la técnica animación digital, también ha generado que los niños y niñas, incrementen en la capacidad de escuchar, donde el estudiante presta atención a los relatos de sus compañeros y a las indicaciones del docente demostrando interés. Asimismo, en la capacidad de narración hubo un aumento en la cantidad de niños y niñas que mejoraron su habilidad de narrar. De igual manera, su capacidad de explicar de los niños y niñas ha incrementado sustancialmente en el nivel de logro previsto, donde los niños y niñas utilizan normas de comunicación verbal cuando participan en diálogos grupales, argumentando con facilidad sus ideas a través de sus dibujos. En la motricidad fina, también se ha observado que hubo incremento en el logro previsto al dibujar, pintar, recortando con facilidad personas, animales, plantas, objetos; creando movimientos con los dedos de manera pausada siguiendo una secuencia lógica para fotografiar

Delirium en cuidados paliativos oncológicos: revisión

We review some aspects related with the physiopathology, epidemiology, diagnosis and management of delirium, centred in patients with advanced and terminal cancer. It is offered a comprehensive and practical overview of this clinical situation frequently under diagnosticated, specially in the case of patients with far-advanced cancer, in whom it is specially frequent and reversible quite often out the last days of life. We emphasize an interdisplinary approach including family as key in diagnosis and treatment. Pharmacological treatment is up dated and some future line of work are mentioned

Delirium en cuidados paliativos oncológicos: revisión

We review some aspects related with the physiopathology, epidemiology, diagnosis and management of delirium, centred in patients with advanced and terminal cancer. It is offered a comprehensive and practical overview of this clinical situation frequently under diagnosticated, specially in the case of patients with far-advanced cancer, in whom it is specially frequent and reversible quite often out the last days of life. We emphasize an interdisplinary approach including family as key in diagnosis and treatment. Pharmacological treatment is up dated and some future line of work are mentioned

Development of a Guide to Multidimensional Needs Assessment in the Palliative Care Initial Encounter (MAP)

Ensuring patient-centered palliative care requires a comprehensive assessment of needs beginning in the initial encounter. However, there is no generally accepted guide for carrying out this multidimensional needs assessment as a first step in palliative intervention. To develop an expert panel-endorsed interview guide that would enable proactive and systematic Multidimensional needs Assessment in the Palliative care initial encounter (MAP). A preliminary version of the MAP guide was drafted based on a published literature review, published semistructured interviews with 20 patients, 20 family carers, and 20 palliative care professionals, and a nominal group process with palliative care professionals and a representative of the national patient's association. Consensus regarding its content was obtained through a modified Delphi process involving a panel of palliative care physicians from across Spain. The published systematic literature review and qualitative study resulted in the identification of 55 needs, which were sorted and grouped by the nominal group. Following the Delphi process, the list of needs was reduced to 47, linked to six domains: Clinical history and medical conditions (n = 8), Physical symptoms (n = 17), Functional and cognitive status (n = 4), Psycho-emotional symptoms (n = 5), Social issues (n = 8), and Spiritual and existential concerns (n = 5). MAP is an expert panel-endorsed semi-structured clinical interview guide for the comprehensive, systematic, and proactive initial assessment to efficiently assess multiple domains while adjusting to the needs of each patient. A future study will assess the feasibility of using the MAP guide within the timeframe of the palliative care initial encounter

Caught in a trap: DNA contamination in tsetse xenomonitoring can lead to over-estimates of Trypanosoma brucei infection

Background Tsetse flies (Glossina sp.) are vectors of Trypanosoma brucei subspecies that cause human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Capturing and screening tsetse is critical for HAT surveillance. Classically, tsetse have been microscopically analysed to identify trypanosomes, but this is increasingly replaced with molecular xenomonitoring. Nonetheless, sensitive T. brucei-detection assays, such as TBR-PCR, are vulnerable to DNA cross-contamination. This may occur at capture, when often multiple live tsetse are retained temporarily in the cage of a trap. This study set out to determine whether infected tsetse can contaminate naïve tsetse with T. brucei DNA via faeces when co-housed. Methodology/Principle findings Insectary-reared teneral G. morsitans morsitans were fed an infectious T. b. brucei-spiked bloodmeal. At 19 days post-infection, infected and naïve tsetse were caged together in the following ratios: (T1) 9:3, (T2) 6:6 (T3) 1:11 and a control (C0) 0:12 in triplicate. Following 24-hour incubation, DNA was extracted from each fly and screened for parasite DNA presence using PCR and qPCR. All insectary-reared infected flies were positive for T. brucei DNA using TBR-qPCR. However, naïve tsetse also tested positive. Even at a ratio of 1 infected to 11 naïve flies, 91% of naïve tsetse gave positive TBR-qPCR results. Furthermore, the quantity of T. brucei DNA detected in naïve tsetse was significantly correlated with cage infection ratio. With evidence of cross-contamination, field-caught tsetse from Tanzania were then assessed using the same screening protocol. End-point TBR-PCR predicted a sample population prevalence of 24.8%. Using qPCR and Cq cut-offs optimised on insectary-reared flies, we estimated that prevalence was 0.5% (95% confidence interval [0.36, 0.73]). Conclusions/Significance Our results show that infected tsetse can contaminate naïve flies with T. brucei DNA when co-caged, and that the level of contamination can be extensive. Whilst simple PCR may overestimate infection prevalence, quantitative PCR offers a means of eliminating false positives

Multiscale análisis of heavy metal contents in Spanish agricultural topsoils

This study characterized and mapped the spatial variability patterns of seven topsoil heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, Zn, Hg and Cd) within the Ebro river basin (9.3 million ha) by Multivariate Factorial Kriging. The variograms and cross-variograms of heavy metal concentrations showed the presence of multiscale variation that was modeled using three variogram models with ranges of 20 km (short-range), 100 km (medium-range) and 225 km (long-range). Our results indicate that the heavy metal concentration is influenced by bedrock composition and dynamics at all the spatial scales, while human activities have a notorious effect only at the short- and medium- range scale of variation. Sources of Cu, Pb and Zn (and secondary Cd) are associated with agricultural practices (at the short-range scale of variation), whereas Hg variation at the short- and medium-range scale of variation is related to atmospheric deposition

Caught in a trap: DNA contamination in tsetse xenomonitoring can lead to over-estimates of Trypanosoma brucei infection

Background: Tsetse flies (Glossina sp.) are vectors of Trypanosoma brucei subspecies that cause human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Capturing and screening tsetse is critical for HAT surveillance. Classically, tsetse have been microscopically analysed to identify trypanosomes, but this is increasingly replaced with molecular xenomonitoring. Nonetheless, sensitive T. brucei-detection assays, such as TBR-PCR, are vulnerable to DNA cross-contamination. This may occur at capture, when often multiple live tsetse are retained temporarily in the cage of a trap. This study set out to determine whether infected tsetse can contaminate naïve tsetse with T. brucei DNA via faeces when co-housed. Methodology/Principle findings: Insectary-reared teneral G. morsitans morsitans were fed an infectious T. b. brucei-spiked bloodmeal. At 19 days post-infection, infected and naïve tsetse were caged together in the following ratios: (T1) 9:3, (T2) 6:6 (T3) 1:11 and a control (C0) 0:12 in triplicate. Following 24-hour incubation, DNA was extracted from each fly and screened for parasite DNA presence using PCR and qPCR. All insectary-reared infected flies were positive for T. brucei DNA using TBR-qPCR. However, naïve tsetse also tested positive. Even at a ratio of 1 infected to 11 naïve flies, 91% of naïve tsetse gave positive TBR-qPCR results. Furthermore, the quantity of T. brucei DNA detected in naïve tsetse was significantly correlated with cage infection ratio. With evidence of cross-contamination, field-caught tsetse from Tanzania were then assessed using the same screening protocol. End-point TBR-PCR predicted a sample population prevalence of 24.8%. Using qPCR and Cq cut-offs optimised on insectary-reared flies, we estimated that prevalence was 0.5% (95% confidence interval [0.36, 0.73]). Conclusions/Significance: Our results show that infected tsetse can contaminate naïve flies with T. brucei DNA when co-caged, and that the level of contamination can be extensive. Whilst simple PCR may overestimate infection prevalence, quantitative PCR offers a means of eliminating false positives

Efficacy of naloxegol on symptoms and quality of life related to opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer: a 3-month follow-up analysis

Objectives: Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) can affect up to 63% of all patients with cancer. The objectives of this study were to assess quality of life as well as efficacy and safety of naloxegol, in patients with cancer with OIC. Methods: An observational study was made of a cohort of patients with cancer and with OIC exhibiting an inadequate response to laxatives and treated with naloxegol. The sample consisted of adult outpatients with a Karnofsky performance status score ≥50. The Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAC-QOL) and the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM) were applied for 3 months. Results: A total of 126 patients (58.2% males) with a mean age of 61.3 years (range 34-89) were included. Clinically relevant improvements (>0.5 points) were recorded in the PAC-QOL and PAC-SYM questionnaires (p<0.0001) from 15 days of treatment. The number of days a week with complete spontaneous bowel movements increased significantly (p<0.0001) from 2.4 to 4.6 on day 15, 4.7 after 1 month and 5 after 3 months. Pain control significantly improved (p<0.0001) during follow-up. A total of 13.5% of the patients (17/126) presented some gastrointestinal adverse reaction, mostly of mild (62.5%) or moderate intensity (25%). Conclusions: Clinically relevant improvements in OIC-related quality of life, number of bowel movements and constipation-related symptoms were recorded as early as after 15 days of treatment with naloxegol in patients with cancer and OIC, with a good safety profile

Desarrollo de algoritmos predictivos por inteligencia artificial (Deep-learning) para asegurar el éxito del alumno

Breve descripción La adaptación de los planes de estudio a la normativa y a los criterios propuestos por el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) ha conllevado un importante reto de innovación pedagógica, y cambios significativos en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. El sistema universitario español acumula ya una trayectoria y un bagaje importante de experiencias, buenas prácticas e innovaciones que se han ido encaminando hacia la continua mejora de la calidad de la formación ofertada. El proceso de cambio en el que está inmersa hoy en día la Educación Superior demanda nuevos sistemas y procedimientos de enseñanza y evaluación. Dos de los cambios derivados de la implantación del EEES son la elaboración de los plantes de estudio por competencias generales, transversales y específicas, y el diseño de herramientas e iniciativas de mejora de la calidad de los programas formativos, entre otros aspectos. En el contexto anterior, en el presente proyecto se han aplicado una serie de herramientas tecnológicas con el objetivo de mejorar la actividad docente que pretenden implantarse de forma transversal entre asignaturas del grado de Nutrición y Dietética Humana de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Complutense. Además, esta novedosa iniciativa podría utilizarse en cualquier asignatura de cualquier grado de cualquier Facultad de la Universidad Complutense o incluso de otras Universidades. En concreto, el proyecto identifica al comienzo del curso académico a aquellos/as alumnos/as que tendrán dificultades para superar diferentes asignaturas del grado de Nutrición y Dietética Humana, para que el profesorado tome diferentes medidas docentes preventivas desde el mismo comienzo del curso académico. La identificación de estos alumnos al comienzo del curso académico se realizó mediante técnicas de inteligencia artificial para generar un algoritmo de predicción autoalimentado, considerando fundamentalmente una serie de parámetros académicos de los alumnos/as. El proyecto busca reforzar el aprendizaje de los/as alumnos/as que presenten dificultades en superar una asignatura. Esta iniciativa Innova-Docencia es una propuesta innovadora, que conlleva la realización de una actividad común en el que han intervenido personal PDI, PAS y estudiantes

Pathogenic Huntingtin Repeat Expansions in Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

We examined the role of repeat expansions in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by analyzing whole-genome sequence data from 2,442 FTD/ALS patients, 2,599 Lewy body dementia (LBD) patients, and 3,158 neurologically healthy subjects. Pathogenic expansions (range, 40-64 CAG repeats) in the huntingtin (HTT) gene were found in three (0.12%) patients diagnosed with pure FTD/ALS syndromes but were not present in the LBD or healthy cohorts. We replicated our findings in an independent collection of 3,674 FTD/ALS patients. Postmortem evaluations of two patients revealed the classical TDP-43 pathology of FTD/ALS, as well as huntingtin-positive, ubiquitin-positive aggregates in the frontal cortex. The neostriatal atrophy that pathologically defines Huntington's disease was absent in both cases. Our findings reveal an etiological relationship between HTT repeat expansions and FTD/ALS syndromes and indicate that genetic screening of FTD/ALS patients for HTT repeat expansions should be considered