Razón y notas : historia de una disonancia

La Revolución Científica del s. xvn afectó de forma muy diferente a las diversas ciencias. Un caso especial lo constituye la teoría musical. Esta heredó del s. xvi una serie de problemas-la inestabilidad de la afinación justa, el criterio de distinción entre consonancia y disonancia, el estatus de la cuarta, etc.- que, lejos de solucionarse en el xvn con la asunción del nuevo paradigma físico, se hicieron más virulentos, quedando como prácticamente irresolubles. Es entonces cuando se establece de forma plena la distinción de la música como arte y como ciencia

Angina bullosa hemorrhagica an enigmatic oral disease

Angina bullosa hemorrhagica (ABH) is an enigmatic oral disorder described for the first time by Badham in 1967 to define blisters with a hematic content in the oral cavity and oropharynx unrelated to any hematological, dermatological or systemic disease. The ABH is an uncommon disease of the oral cavity distinctively affecting adults, with the highest incidence over the 5th decade of life. This process is considered nowadays to have a multifactorial etiopathogenesis, where mild oral traumatisms can trigger the blisters in susceptible individuals. Certain association on the onset of the lesion with the chronic use of inhaled steroids and, more controversially, with triggering systemic disorders, such as, diabetes or hypertension has been described. Characteristically, the ABH blisters are acute and are located on the lining mucosa, more frequently on the soft palate. Usually, the lesions are solitary and rupture easily, resulting in a superficial ulceration that heals quickly without scarring. The histopathological analysis shows a subepithelial blister containing blood and direct immunofluorescence on the epithelium is negative. The differential diagnosis should consider all oral vesiculobullous disorders with hematic content, including mucocutaneos, hematological or cystic pathology. The diagnosis of ABH is clearly clinical, although the biopsy might be helpful on atypical or abnormally recurrent cases. The general prognosis of ABH is good and the treatment is symptomatic. Although it is an uncommon disease, the angina bullosa hemorrhagica should be considered in the differential diagnosis of oral vesiculo-bullous processes. Acknowledging this entity will help in differentiating it from important mucocutaneous and hematological diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris, mucous membrane pemphigoid or coagulation disorders. In this review we analyze the main etiopathogenic, clinicopathological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this enigmatic oral condition.peer-reviewe

The zero building: an exemplary nearly zero energy office building (NZEB) and its potential to become a positive energy building (PEB)

European energy policies introduced nearly zero energy building (NZEB) design to stimulate the energy transition in buildings, and EU programs promote the evolution towards positive energy buildings (PEB). Most studies into NZEBs are based on simulations, and not on real monitoring data. This paper presents the real performance data of the Zero building, an NZEB office building with Leed Gold and Breeam Excellent environmental design certifications located in a neighbourhood that shares a zero-emission district heating-cooling facility relying only on 100% renewable energy sources. The current performance of the building and its neighbourhood is assessed to identify the existing gap to reach the goals of next generation buildings, namely positive energy buildings (PEB), which will not consume fossil fuels and will achieve energy self-sufficiency at the neighbourhood scale. A study the occupied zero building in operation for one year showed that it achieved a degree of self-sufficiency of 74.3% for the operational electric energy thanks to its PV roof-façade. The results show that its carbon footprint is only 3.35 kgCO2/m2y, 92% lower than in a typical office building in locations with the same climate

Use of sunspaces to obtain energy savings by preheating the intake air of the ventilation system: Analysis of its main characteristics in the different Spanish climate zones

Novel solutions need to be further developed to continue to improve the energy efficiency of buildings achieved over the last few decades. One of these innovative systems is the use of sunspaces to preheat the ventilation intake air and reduce heating consumption. The main goal of this research is to determine the optimal configuration of these sunspaces. For that purpose, a prototype was built to calibrate a simulation model. Once validated, the model was used to calculate the energy savings obtained with 96 sunspace configurations in the different Spanish climate zones. Different key factors were analyzed and the optimal configurations were established in each zone. The results show that, although these systems are based on solar gains, a low thermal transmittance of the glazing has a higher impact on the energy savings than a high solar heat gain coefficient. In addition, introducing inertia tanks is not convenient when the ventilation includes a heat recovery system. While combining sunspaces with heat recovery ventilation is not interesting in warmer climates; in cold climates, heat recovery becomes a determining factor to reduce energy consumption. The use of sunspaces is more efficient as the winter severity increases: while in the warmest Spanish climate zone, only 2.51 kWh.m(-2).year(-1) savings are achieved; in the coldest zone, 39.54 kWh.m(-2).year(-1) savings are obtained, which represents important energy savings of 60%. This research contributes to evaluating and quantifying the impact of key variables on the design, configuration, and operation of sunspaces to improve the energy efficiency of buildings.We would like to thank the Thermal Area of The Laboratory for the Quality Control in Buildings of the Basque Government for their assistance. We would also like to thank AEMET, the State Meteorological Agency, for providing the weather information. This research is included in the activities related to the CAVESIA project

Angina bullosa hemorrhagica, an uncommon oral disorder. Report of 4 cases

Angina bullosa hemorrhagica (ABH) is a rare oral disorder characterized by blood-filled bullous lesions in the oral cavity and the oropharynx in the absence of an underlying systemic, haematological or mucocutaneous condition. The presentation of the lesions is acute and located on the lining mucosa, mainly on the soft palate. Often, these lesions are single and rupture easily leaving an ulcerated area. In this study, we present 4 ABH cases in 3 women and 1 man and we discuss the main clinicopathological characteristics. The characteristics of this disorder are important to recognize in order to differentiate the lesions from other oral bullous conditions of the oral cavity such as mucocutaneous disorders or blood coagulation disorders

Histopathological characterization of the oral lichenoid disease subtypes and the relation with the clinical data

The aim of the study was to analyze the histopathological characteristics of samples with a diagnosis of oral lichenoid disease (OLD) and their link with the location and the type of clinical lesion, and the clinicopathological subtypes. Retrospective study on 85 consecutive patients diagnosed with OLD (58 women and 27 men, mean age of 57.7 years). Clinical and histopathological characterization of each case (modified WHO criteria). Collection of the clinical and histopathological data of the lesions. Descriptive and comparative statistical analysis of the results. The 78.8% of the cases were considered clinically typical while the 21.2% were considered compatible. Histologically, 52.9% were classified as typical and 47.1% as compatible. Biopsies from ?plaque-like? lesions presented hyperkeratosis (p<0.001) and epithelial dysplasia (p=0.06) more frequently. Furthermore, acute inflammation was more evident in erosive-ulcerative lesions (p=0.001). Differences regarding the location of the biopsy were statistically non-significant. However, 42.9% of the tongue biopsies showed epithelial dysplasia. The histopathological aspect of this disorder is not specific and does not allow us to differentiate between the main subtypes. Therefore, the main reasons to perform a biopsy in this disorder are to define the differential diagnosis and to rule out epithelial dysplasia or a carcinoma. The final histopathological result may be subject to the type of lesion that is biopsied

Nanostructured Thermoelectric Chalcogenides

Thermoelectric materials are outstanding to transform temperature differences directly and reversibly into electrical voltage. Exploiting waste heat recovery as a source of power generation could help towards energy sustainability. Recently, the SnSe semiconductor was identified, in single-crystal form, as a mid-temperature thermoelectric material with record high figure of merit, high power factor and surprisingly low thermal conductivity. We describe the preparation of polycrystals of alloys of SnSe obtained by arc-melting; a rapid synthesis that results in strongly nanostructured samples with low thermal conductivity, advantageous for thermoelectricity, approaching the amorphous limit, around 0.3–0.5 W/mK. An initial screening of novel samples Sn1−xMxSe, by alloying with 3d and 4d transition metals such as M = Mn, Y, Ag, Mo, Cd or Au, provides for a means to optimize the power factor. M=Mo, Ag, with excellent values, are described in detail with characterization by x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electronic and thermal transport measurements. Rietveld analysis of XRD data demonstrates near-perfect stoichiometries of the above-mentioned alloys. SEM analysis shows stacking of nanosized sheets, with large surfaces parallel to layered slabs. An apparatus was developed for the simultaneous measurement of the Seebeck coefficient and electric conductivity at elevated temperatures

Factores de riesgo y supervivencia libre de tumor en pacientes con trasplante renal de cadáver

[Background] There is an agreement in the fact that cancer incidence in transplant recipients increases at a rate disproportionately greater than in the general population. Several clinical studies have identified cancer risk factors, such as age, male gender, tobacco, UV radiation, viral infections, previous malignancies, intensity and duration of immunosuppressive therapies, HLA matches and time in waiting list.