Effects of solar activity in the middle atmosphere dynamical regime over Eastern Siberia, USSR

Lower thermospheric (90 to 120 km) wind data was acquired by ground based spaced-receiver method (HF, LF) near Irkutsk (52 deg N, 104 deg E). There is interrelated solar and meteorological control of lower thermosphere dynamics. Some features of solar control effects on the wind parameters are discussed

БЕРЕЖЛИВОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕ БЕРЕЖЛИВОМУ ПРОИЗВОДСТВУ

The world has changed rapidly, today those companies benefit more that keep pace with the changes taking place, that increase their efficiency. Now there is a change in economic structures [1], the traditional mass production is giving way to a lean, more efficient, active and flexible in terms of consumer demand.When creating the concept of practical training for production system of JSC «Russian Railways’ a question arose what could be its foundation. Attempts to subordinate task of staff training in large companies to the interests of lean production (flexible in responding to market demand) do not always lead to success. This is confirmed, in particular, by data, cited in the article, collected from surveys of executives of the holding structures, which are held at the Corporate University of JSC «Russian Railways», as well as by the analysis of the experience of foreign companies and enterprises.The general opinion of experts, the adopted approaches of the classical corporate training does not always meet the conditions of the time, it is necessary to look for new ways of knowledge transfer. The dynamics of the globalizing market is so high that the classical training system is not keeping pace with ongoing reforms, as traditional training is focused mainly on the transfer of knowledge, rather than on the audience involvement. They can hardly serve as an ideological influence on the audience, change their mindsets, train leaders. This contradicts the very idea of improving the production system.The article the way how a new system of corporate training adapted to the interests and ideology of lean production was implemented. The article contains detailed review of approaches of lean production itself as well as authors’ conceptual approaches to the creation of a «system of lean learning», serving the needs of the lean production. The objective of the authors was to analyze advantages and disadvantages of lean learning system, using experience of the large foreign and Russian companies. Adaptation and debugging of learning processes, perhaps, are the most difficult issues in the practical application of the concept of lean production, and it is understandable. The development is impossible without a change of thinking, and it is also to be done, if the educational goals become such a comprehensive and responsible vector.Бизнес-образование предполагает бизнес-результат. Попытки подчинить задачи обучения персонала в крупных компаниях интересам бережливого производства (гибко реагирующего на рыночный спрос) не всегда приводят к успеху. Это подтверждают, в частности, приводимые в статье данные опросов руководителей холдинговых структур, которые проведены в Корпоративном университете ОАО «РЖД», а также анализ опыта зарубежных фирм и предприятий. Кроме того, авторы обосновывают концептуальные подходы к созданию «системы бережливого обучения», обслуживающей потребности бережливого производства

The wind regime of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere during the DYANA campaign-I. Prevailing winds

During the DYANA campaign, winds and tides at mesospheric and lower thermospheric altitudes were measured by 14 ground based experiments (MF radars, meteor radars and LF-drift systems). The experiments were located between 107°W and 102°E, mostly in northern mid-latitudes with well covered areas in Central and Eastern Europe. Emphasis is placed here upon the vertical profiles and height-time contours of the prevailing zonal and meridional winds with different resolution (15 d, 4d). Generally, westerly winds are observed at heights below 95 km with a strong mesospheric variability and with longitudinal differences between the data of Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia and Canada. Planetary waves and a minor stratospheric warming in the first 10 days of February 1990 are the cause of this behaviour. In connection with the stratospheric warming, a wind reversal to summer east winds reaching from the upper stratosphere up to 95 km is observed. The close connection of the behaviour of the stratosphere with the observed longitudinal differences in the mesospheric response on the stratospheric warming and with the occurrence of wind oscillations (10-15 d) is discussed. © 1994

Роль 3-оксиметаболита феназепама и леваны в реализации их нейротропного действия

Work is devoted to a comparative analysis of the pharmacological action and integral indicators pharmacokinetics of 1,4- benzodiazepine - phenazepam and levan, as well as their total active 3-oximetabolite formed by different mechanisms. It is shown that in the tests levan antagonism corazolum and thiosemicarbazide inferior phenazepam anticonvulsant activity, but surpasses phenazepam on activity in the maximal electroshock test and has a lower severity miorelaxation action. Comparison effects of phenazepam and levad with effects of 3-oximetabolite indicate greater similarity effects than metabolite with phenazepam. With the use of radiolabeled compounds were established change in the ratio of the areas under the concentration curve 3-oximetabolite in the brain and blood when administered phenazepam (AUCbrain / AUCblood = 0,96 ± 0,27) or levan (AUCbrain / AUCblood = 1,4 ± 0,1). This fact is associated with different ways of biotransformation: oxidative hydroxylation of phenazepam CYP450 and nonspecific carboxylesterase hydrolysis of levan, which explains the difference in the pharmacological effect of the test compounds.Работа посвящена сравнительному анализу фармакологического действия и интегральных показателей фармакокинетики производных 1,4-бенздиазепина - феназепама и леваны, а также их общего активного 3-оксиметаболита, образующегося различными механизмами. Показано, что левана в тестах антагонизма с коразолом и тиосемикарбазидом уступает по противосудорожной активности феназепаму, но превосходит феназепам по активности в тесте максимального электрошока и имеет меньшую выраженность миорелаксантного действия. Сопоставление эффектов феназепама и левады с эффектами 3-оксиметаболита свидетельствует о большем сходстве эффектов метаболита с феназепамом. С использованием радиоактивно меченых соединений установлено изменение соотношения площадей под концентрационными кривыми 3-оксиметаболита в мозгу и крови при введении феназепама (AUC /AUC = 0,96 ± 0,27) или леваны (AUC /AUC = 1,4 ± 0,1). Данный факт связан с различными путями биотрансформации: окислительное гидроксилирование феназепама P450 и гидролиз неспецифическими карбоксилэстеразами леваны, что и обуславливает отличие в фармакологическом действии исследуемых соединений

The Level of DING Proteins Is Increased in HIV-Infected Patients: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

DING proteins constitute an interesting family, owing to their intriguing and important activities. However, after a decade of research, little is known about these proteins. In humans, at least five different DING proteins have been identified, which were implicated in important biological processes and diseases, including HIV. Indeed, recent data from different research groups have highlighted the anti-HIV activity of some DING representatives. These proteins share the ability to inhibit the transcriptional step of HIV-1, a key step of the viral cycle that is not yet targeted by the current therapies. Since such proteins have been isolated from humans, we undertook a comprehensive study that focuses on the relationship between these proteins and HIV-infection in an infectious context. Hence, we developed a home-made ELISA for the quantification of the concentration of DING proteins in human serum. Using this method, we were able to determine the concentration of DING proteins in healthy and HIV-infected patients. Interestingly, we observed a significant increase of the concentration of DING proteins in non treated and treated HIV-infected patients compared to controls. In addition, cell cultures infected with HIV also show an increased expression of DING proteins, ruling out the possible role of antiretroviral treatment in the increase of the expression of DING proteins. In conclusion, results from this study show that the organism reacts to HIV-infection by an overexpression of DING proteins