Properties and Applications of Biodegradable Polymers

Biodegradable materials are one of the major discussable matters in the modern world. To keep and produce environment-friendly products for our daily usage the utilization of degradable materials is increasing at a high rate. The modern world wants sustainable products which will not bring about any harm to the environment. Products made from plastics are sustainable but they cause great harm to our environment due to lack of degradation property. After the end of our usage, these materials can sustain for a long time without any degradation which causes a supreme level of loss to our environment. But if we can produce products by using biodegradable raw materials, they will be degraded by the action of bio-organisms hence our environment will be protected from a great loss. So, it has become a crying need for us to use biodegradable raw materials in our products. The materials which are not biodegradable cause a great pollution especially soil pollution. To protect the world from the cruel humiliation of waste, it has become an overwhelming necessity to manufacture biodegradable products, which can quickly be degraded in the environment, from our daily useable items. The materials contain almost all the properties which are suitable for our environment. Already these materials have been using in several sectors and showing their applications for their friendly properties

Comparative study of physical and elastic properties of jute and glass fiber reinforced LDPE composites

Jute fiber reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites and glass fiber reinforced LDPE composites were prepared at variable proportions using compression molding technique at 120 °C. Few physical and mechanical properties such as bulk density, water absorption%, tensile strength, elongation at break (Eb%), Young’s modulus, flexural stress and strain and tangent modulus of both composites were studied and compared. Throughout the study, it was revealed that glass composites had better mechanical stability as compared to LDPE jute composites

Elastic and electrical properties of graphite and talc filler reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites

Graphite filler reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites and talc filler reinforced (PP) composites were prepared by compression molding at 160 ºC. Mechanical and electrical properties were studied. The tensile strength of the composites decreases with the increase of filler addition and also with the increase of wt.% of filler. But, a slight improvement of the Young's modulus of the filaments reinforced with different wt.% of filler is observed. It was found that the Bulk density of test materials increased with the fillers content. Capacitance decreases with the increase of both frequency and voltage which suggest good electrical properties of PP-graphite composites and PP-talc composites. All of these results indicated that PP-graphite composites are better than the PP-talc composites

Study of physical, mechanical and thermal properties of unidirectional jute fiber reinforced PVC film composites

This paper presents the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of unidirectional jute fiber reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film composites. Composites (wt % of fiber) of jute fiber reinforced PVC matrix were prepared by compression molding at 160⁰ C. Variable weight ratios of these composites namely 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 were prepared and then physical, mechanical and thermal properties were studied. The tensile strength of composites increases with the increase of fiber addition and percentage of elongation at break decreases with increase of fiber addition. Thermal analysis of PVC-jute fiber composites show that thermal degradation of PVC film starts ahead of jute fiber and the degradation of composites was occurring in two stages

МАТЕРИНСКАЯ СМЕРТНОСТЬ В АФГАНИСТАНЕ. СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ

The article is devoted to the issue of maternal mortality in Afghanistan. What results did this country achieve after setting the millennium goals in 2000? The causes of maternal mortality have been analyzed. A survey has been carried out on the demographic and geographical differences in maternal mortality in different regions of the world and possible ways of overcoming the current causes of mortality. Conclusion. The key and effective measures to prevent maternal mortality in Afghanistan are access to: a family planning center, the possibility of medical abortion, emergency obstetric care.Статья посвящена вопросу материнской смертности в Афганистане. Каких результатов добилась эта страна после постановки целей тысячелетия в 2000 году? Проанализированы причины материнской смертности. Выполнен обзор по демографическим и географическим различиям материнской смертности в разных регионах мира и возможные пути преодоления современных причин смертности

Properties and Applications of Biodegradable Polymers

Biodegradable materials are one of the major discussable matters in the modern world. To keep and produce environment-friendly products for our daily usage the utilization of degradable materials is increasing at a high rate. The modern world wants sustainable products which will not bring about any harm to the environment. Products made from plastics are sustainable but they cause great harm to our environment due to lack of degradation property. After the end of our usage, these materials can sustain for a long time without any degradation which causes a supreme level of loss to our environment. But if we can produce products by using biodegradable raw materials, they will be degraded by the action of bio-organisms hence our environment will be protected from a great loss. So, it has become a crying need for us to use biodegradable raw materials in our products. The materials which are not biodegradable cause a great pollution especially soil pollution. To protect the world from the cruel humiliation of waste, it has become an overwhelming necessity to manufacture biodegradable products, which can quickly be degraded in the environment, from our daily useable items. The materials contain almost all the properties which are suitable for our environment. Already these materials have been using in several sectors and showing their applications for their friendly properties

Optical, electrical and thermal properties of jute and glass fiber reinforced LDPE composites

Jute and glass fiber reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites were prepared using compression molding technique at 120° C with various percentage of fiber content. Thermal, optical and electrical properties of both composites were studied in this article. Thermal analysis of the composites confirmed the better thermal stability of glass fiber LDPE composites than that of the jute composite. Superposition of the absorption of LDPE and glass fiber in the composites has been confirmed by the peak and line shape of absorptions. The absorption peaks also indicates a better conjugation between the elements of composites. Electrical studies suggest that for both composite capacitance decreases with increase in frequency and voltage, which suggests good electrical properties of LDPE based composites

Physical, optical and thermal properties of graphite and talc filler reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites

Graphite filler reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites and talc filler reinforced PP composites were prepared by compression molding at 160⁰ C. Physical, optical and thermal properties were studied. Bulk density of test materials increased with the fillers content. The composites show good optical properties. Absorbance decreases with the increase of wavelength and the highest absorbance peak was found near about 200 nm. Their thermal stability has also been studied. The results reveal that the addition of 5 wt.% of graphite or talc improves the thermal stability. There is an initial DTA peak for both PP-graphite and PP-talc composites. Thermal analysis of PP-graphite filler composites and PP-talc filler composites show that thermal degradation of PP sheet starts ahead of composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows high elasticity and low energy loss both for 5% of PP-graphite and PP-talc composites. All of these results indicated that PP-graphite composites are better than the PP-talc composites