The Separate and Combined Contributions of Metabo- and Baroreceptors to Postexercise Heat Loss

Acute (~2 min) baroreceptor unloading was reported to modulate metaboreflex control of postexercise cutaneous blood flow, but not sweating. We examined whether sustained changes in baroreceptor loading status during prolonged postexercise recovery can alter the metaboreceptors’ influence on heat loss. Thirteen young males performed a 1-min isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) at 60% maximal voluntary contraction followed by 2-min of forearm ischemia (to activate metaboreceptors) before and 15, 30, 45 and 60-min after a 15-min intense treadmill running exercise (>90% maximal heart rate) in the heat (35°C). This procedure was repeated on three separate days with the application of lower-body positive (LBPP, +40 mmHg), negative (LBNP, -20 mmHg), or no pressure (Control) postexercise. Sweat rate (ventilated capsule; forearm, chest, upper back) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; forearm, upper back) were measured. Relative to pre-IHG levels, sweating at all sites increased during IHG and remained elevated during ischemia at baseline and similarly at 30, 45, and 60-min postexercise (site average sweat rate increase during ischemia: Control, 0.13±0.02; LBPP, 0.12±0.02; LBNP, 0.15±0.02 mg·min-1·cm-2; all P<0.01), but not at 15-min (all P>0.10). LBPP and LBNP application did not modulate the pattern of sweating to IHG and ischemia (all P>0.05). At 15-min postexercise, forearm CVC was reduced from pre-IHG levels during both IHG and ischemia under LBNP only (ischemia: 3.9±0.8 %CVCmax; P<0.02). Therefore, we show metaboreceptors modulate postexercise sweating in the mid-to-late stages (30-60 min) of recovery, independent of baroreceptor loading status and similarly between skin sites. In contrast, metaboreflex modulation of forearm but not upper back CVC occurs only in the early stages of recovery (15 min) and depends upon baroreceptor unloading

A continuum of university student volunteer programme models

© 2020 Association for Tertiary Education Management and the LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management. University student volunteering is prevalent in Western countries, but has rarely been critically evaluated by researchers. Little is known about the different ways in which student volunteer programmes are organised. Using a matrix constructed from the publicly available websites of all Australian universities, and 60 interviews with key stakeholders at six universities, this paper identifies nine different models of student volunteer programmes. The models show the different ways in which universities, faculty and students are involved in organising student volunteer programmes. These nine models are presented in a continuum of increasing direct management by universities. In addition to identifying the models, the analysis revealed trends in student volunteering, particularly the way that Australian universities are packaging student volunteering as part of their service learning, leadership or employability agendas. The continuum facilitates a common language and understanding of university student volunteering, leading to cross-disciplinary recognition of the different models available

A continuum of university student volunteer programme models

© 2020 Association for Tertiary Education Management and the LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management. University student volunteering is prevalent in Western countries, but has rarely been critically evaluated by researchers. Little is known about the different ways in which student volunteer programmes are organised. Using a matrix constructed from the publicly available websites of all Australian universities, and 60 interviews with key stakeholders at six universities, this paper identifies nine different models of student volunteer programmes. The models show the different ways in which universities, faculty and students are involved in organising student volunteer programmes. These nine models are presented in a continuum of increasing direct management by universities. In addition to identifying the models, the analysis revealed trends in student volunteering, particularly the way that Australian universities are packaging student volunteering as part of their service learning, leadership or employability agendas. The continuum facilitates a common language and understanding of university student volunteering, leading to cross-disciplinary recognition of the different models available