QUALITY OF YIELD AT WHEAT, TRITICALE AND BARLEY SPECIES CULTIVATED IN THE ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM ON ARDS SIMNIC

An assortment consisting of 10 wheat, 8 triticale and 7 barley varieties were cultivated for three years (2010, 2016 and 2017) in two systems of culture: ecological and conventional on the Simnic luvosoil. The quality of yield seen from the perspective of the protein content, test weight and the weight of 1000 grains were studied from the interactions: species x culture system and variety x culture system. The aim is to promote the species and varieties that are distinguished from the point of view of the quality of the production obtained under the conditions of cultivation in an ecological system, a system that ensures the quality of life by the fact that the yield does not use pesticides and chemical fertilizers. All the varieties experienced in all three species recorded diminished yields, statistically assured under ecological conditions in relation to those sown under conventional crop conditions. In terms of quality, only triticale varieties Titan and Oda obtained at all three quality indices (protein content, test weight and the weight of 1000 grains) simultaneously, values is in the ecological system at the level obtained in the conventional system. From the point of view of the quality of the obtained yield, it was shown that the wheat and triticale did not differentiate between ecological and conventional while the barley showed significant decreases in protein content and weight of 1000 grains under the same reported conditions

RESPONSE OF AN WINTER WHEAT ASSORTMENT TO THE ECOLOGICAL CULTIVATION SYSTEM ON LUVISOIL FROM SIMNIC CRAIOVA

Fifteen varieties of autumn wheat, most of them recently approved, were tested in an ecological system in the experimental field at ARDS Simnic. For two years (2016 and 2017) determinations have been made regarding height, number of spice/mp, yield, test weight, weight of 1000 grains, number of grains/ear, weight grains/ear and protein content, both in ecological and conventional systems, last as a reference base. The differences were presented percentually to see to what extent the ecological system influenced the determined characters. The control used were the average of all tested varieties and the Alex variety - that showed the highest average yield in the ecological system. In ascending order, the studied characters were affected by ecological system in relation to the conventional system, on average, as follows: yield (52.6%); weight grain/ear (69%); number grains/ear (69.1%); height (83.9%); number spice /mp (84.2%); protein content (89.6%); the weight of 1000 grains (96.9%); test weight (102%) - the only uninfluenced character. In relation to Alex variety, only Litera variety showed significantly higher reductions in terms of test weight, number of graines/ear and weight grains/ear. Compared to the average of the varieties, significant differences were noted only at the test weight in Miranda (+ 4.2%) and Ursita (-7.1%). The results suggest that the ecological system influenced the characters studied, indifferent of the varieties tested

BASAL STERILITY OF WHEAT EARS - INDEX OF SENSITIVITY TO DELAYED SPRING FROZEN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH YIELD AND PRODUCTIVITY ELEMENTS, IN THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF 2020 YEAR AT ARDS CARACAL

The special climatic conditions manifested in the spring of 2020 at ARDS Caracal by the appearance of frosts delayed for 2 consecutive days, brought changes in the architecture of the wheat ear by the appearance of the phenomenon of basal sterility. For 200 wheat varieties of different origins (Romanian, French, Austrian, German, Swiss, mixed, hybrid wheat germplasm) the basal sterility manifested was determined at maturity. Ten ears of each variety / replication constituted the analyzed sample. Mixed germplasm (52 wheat varieties from all over Europe) had an basal sterility average rate of 11.4% - the lowest in the experiment. At the opposite pole was the German germplasm with an average percentage of 17.1%. The lowest amplitudes between the maximum and minimum valuesof basal sterility were recorded in hybrid wheat and Romanian germplasm (13.5-13.6%). The highest amplitude was recorded in the French germplasm – 19,1 %. The correlations performed highlighted the distinctly significant negative relationship between the basal sterility and the yield obtained; the significant positive relationship between yield and the note reflecting frost resistance; the significant negative relationship between the test weight and the days from 01.01 to heading date

PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF SOME WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE PEDOCLIMATE CONDITIONS FROM SCDA CARACAL

Knowing the particularities of the reaction of the new varieties and hybrids of the crop plants, under different conditions of experimentation is one of the basic activities of the experimental agricultural research and its aim is their judicious choice for cultivation in certain areas. The paper presents the production results obtained from two Romanian varieties of autumn wheat grown under pedoclimatic conditions at SCDA Caracal, under non-irrigation regime, during three years of experimentation. Taking into consideration the variations of the climatic conditions over the years of experimentation, at the same level of fertilization, the productions obtained for the two varieties of wheat recommend their cultivation in the area of the Caracal Plain

FOLIAR FERTILIZATION - AN INTEGRAL PART OF COMPLEX AND INTEGRATED FERTILIZATIONS – A REVIEW

In the context of demographic increase and climate change, the issue of ensuring food security is becoming increasingly important, which is why the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture is the main means of increasing the quantity and quality of agricultural production. Alongside basic mineral (root) fertilization, which is indispensable, foliar fertilization is a measure of increase both in terms of yields and quality.  Foliar fertilizers provide a surplus of fertilizing elements, especially secondary macroelements and microelements, which allows plants to thrive under optimal conditions and to resist stress factors. Foliar fertilization has become a widespread management tool in directing the nutrition of crop plants, and is often a complementary part of fertilization systems or even seen as an alternative to root fertilization. When applied correctly, foliar fertilization has an interesting potential to manipulate the yield and quality of agricultural production, with low environmental impact and relatively low costs. This review aims to highlight the importance of foliar fertilization for agricultural crops, based on experimental results from the literature, using the platforms Google Scholar and Web of Science for documentation

A BRIEF REVIEW ON THE INFLUENCE OF FLAG LEAF ON CEREALS PRODUCTION

Production in cereal crops is due to some complex physiological and biochemical processes, but is essentially associated with the process of carbohydrate accumulation in the grain filling phase which in turn is attributed to leaf functionalities. A critical stage in the development of wheat plants is the emergence of the final leaf called the flag leaf.  At this point the emphasis of management needs to shift to its protection as the flag leaf is critical for attaining high grain yields. Unlike other leaves in the reproductive phase, flag leaves are the main organ for photosynthesis, providing the main assimilated source for plant growth and spike development and also for sensing environmental conditions conducive to adaptation. This short review aims to analyse some of the most important results from the specialized literature regarding the influence of the flag leaf on cereal production. The main documentation platforms were Google Scholar and Web of Science. The importance of the flag leaf in generating yield in grains is without dispute. Protecting the flag leaf is critical to attaining high yields. The vigil starts as soon as growers are able to recognize when the flag begins to emerge

Field Crop Production 44th Croatian & 4th International Symposium on Agriculture 606 The Fertilizing Influence on Pyrenophora tritici repentis attack in Agricultural Research and Development Station Simnic area

Abstract Tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici repentis has gained predominance among foliar wheat diseases in the most of the wheat growing areas in the world. In the last years tan spot has become also an important wheat disease in ARDS Şimnic area. The present paper is focus on the fertilizing influence on Pyrenophora tritici repentis attack on a set of 25 winter wheat cultivars evaluated for their response to natural infection under field conditions. The pathogen attack degree was calculated in three times in vegetation T1 (Z44), T2 (Z51) and T3 (Z59). There was higher attack degree on unfertilized plots, while the attack degree was lower on fertilized plots (N100P40). The high attack degree show the cultivars sensitivity to pathogen attack, as Autan, while the low attack degree show a good cultivars behavior to pathogen attack, as Renesansa, Serina and Martina, which realized also good yields. These data suggest that nitrogen fertilizers appear to reduce disease by delaying natural leaf senescence but don`t have a direct effect on Pyrenophora tritici repentis

THE CHANGES OF SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN PRUSSIAN CARP UNDER THE ACTION OF THE FOLPAN 80 WDG AND THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF THIOUREA

This study was carried out to analyze the effects of sublethal and lethal concentrations of Folpan 80 WDG (30x10-5g Folpan 80 WDG /l water, 6x10-4g Folpan 80WDG /l water) and 1‰ thiourea on some physiological parameters (oxygen consumption, breathing frequency) on prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch 1782). The subacute and acute toxicity of Folpan 80 WDG fungicide and thiourea was evaluated in glass aquaria under semystatic conditions. Folpan 80 WDG produced, in all organized experimental variants a decrease in respiratory frequency and consumption of oxygen in the case of prussian carp, the more powerful the higher the concentration of the toxic was. Prussian carp anemia could be due to hypoxia that was induced by injuring the gills, as the red-pink colour of the gills became red-white, and at high concentrations the gills completely lost their red colour, while abundant secretions of mucus and even mucosal detachment with abundant bleeding could be observed. The antitoxic action of thiourea manifests itself by the fact that Folpan 80WDG are blocked by SH- groupings isothiourea, the mixture between Folpan 80WDG and thiourea produced no significant changes on the parameters physiological