Urachal Cyst in a Bitch

Background: The urachus is a tubular structure continuous with the urinary bladder and the allantois in foetal mammals. It serves as a communication between these two structures. At birth, it loses its function and undergoes atrophy by fibrous proliferation within the lumen. When this atrophy process fails at some point, congenital anomalies of the urachus occur. These anomalies are rare in animals, and to our knowledge, the urachal cyst has not yet been described in dogs. The present work is unique in that it reports a case of this congenital defect in a dog. Our aim is to increase awareness and to discuss the clinical presentation, the imaging techniques used, and the final diagnosis of this anomaly.Case: A bitch Pit Bull, 3-year-old, was presented for veterinary assistance to investigate recurrent pseudopregnancy and an irregular estrous cycle. The animal presented in good bodily condition, and the white blood count and clinical biochemistry were normal. At ultrasound, 2 tubular structures, filled by an echogenic fluid mimicking uterine topography, were found extending through the umbilical and hypogastric regions. No alterations in structure, echogenicity or echotexture of the other organs were observed, including the ovaries and uterus. On exploratory laparotomy, a cystic structure was found, with 2 segments: the larger one was on the left side, attached to the apex of the bladder by its caudal portion; the other was on the right side, attached to the spleen by its cranial portion and to the apex of the bladder by its caudal portion in connection with the left segment. The ovaries, uterus and uterine horns showed no macroscopic alterations. The structure was removed, and after analysis (macroscopic morphology, wall histopathology and biochemistry of the contained fluid), it was determined to be a urachal cyst. The animal recovered uneventfully.Discussion: Ultrasound is an important tool for the evaluation of reproductive cycle physiology and its pathologies. At first, the owner’s complaint justified a fairly straightforward evaluation and clinical management of pseudopregnancy in a very healthy animal based on the history and clinical and complementary exams. However, ultrasound examination revealed two tubular structures filled with echogenic fluid in the lower abdomen. This made the case more complex, as these were interpreted as uterine horns by three different veterinarians, leading to the possibility of pyometra. The management of this condition must be cautious, since the animal's condition could rapidly deteriorate, necessitating an exploratory laparotomy. Based on the clinical presentation, macroscopic anatomy, fluid biochemistry and histological evaluations, the diagnosis of urachal cyst was proposed. Congenital anomalies occur when the urachus fails to obliterate. Four types can be found: patent urachus, urachal sinus, urachal diverticulum and urachal cyst. The urachal cyst occurs when the urachus encompasses a cyst-like structure that is closed to the umbilicus and the bladder lumen. The urachus becomes a cystic structure since its epithelium is still intact, active and accumulating fluid, like the one analysed in this report. Most urachal cysts in humans remain asymptomatic, but when infected, they can cause focal or diffuse peritonitis and an acute abdomen. Although rare, urachal cysts can develop malignant transformation. The combination of nonspecific symptoms and the infrequent occurrence of this anomaly make its diagnosis a difficult challenge. It is commonly an incidental finding like the case reported here. Therefore, diagnostic imaging techniques, especially ultrasound, are essential for the diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a urachal cyst in a dog. This rare anomaly of the urachus was an incidental finding in the investigation of the reproductive problems of a female dog

Arachnidism, scorpionism and ophidism in Ouro Preto Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Abstract: INTRODUCTION This retrospective study shows the profile of arachnidism, ophidism, and scorpionism in the Ouro Preto Municipality, Brazil, from January 2007 to December 2013. METHODS The data were gathered from forms of the Epidemiological Surveillance Sector of the town's Health's Municipal Secretary. RESULTS Of the 412 envenomations, 308 were caused by spiders, 78 by scorpions, and 26 by snakes. The highest number of incidents involved people aged 20-34 years. Females were more affected than males. There were no reports of death. CONCLUSIONS The results show that envenomations caused by spiders, scorpions and snakes have decreased in recent years

DIABETES GESTACIONAL: FATORES DE RISCO PARA OS RECÉM-NASCIDOS AMAZÔNICOS E RIBEIRINHOS NO PÓS-PARTO

This work aims to analyze the risk factors observed in newborns whose mothers had Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). The study is centered on the impacts on the lives of Amazonian and riverside newborns in the Amazon. About 15% of women worldwide have GDM. The present study aimed to investigate risk factors, early identification, management and treatment available when necessary, for postpartum Amazonian and riverside newborns. This is an integrative review. It occurred with the use of the acronym PICO. The search for studies took place between February and March 2024 in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), PubMed and SciELO databases. Care for children in Family Health Units can occur through the Family Health Strategy where children under five are cared for by nurses and doctors and participate in health actions. The identification of GDM in pregnant women and newborns occurs through consultations in primary care, generally reported by the mother or guardian of the newborn. The population analyzed in the study faces risk factors peculiar to the region in which they live, and this study is also relevant for shaping future generations of newborns from the Amazon.Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os fatores de risco observados em recém-nascidos cujas progenitoras manifestaram Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG). O estudo está centralizado nos impactos da vida dos recém-nascidos amazônicos e ribeirinhos, na Amazônia. Cerca de 15% das mulheres do mundo apresentam DMG. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os fatores de riscos, a identificação precoce, o manejo e tratamento disponível quando necessário, para recém-nascidos amazônicos e ribeirinhos no pós-parto. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. Ocorreu com a utilização do acrônimo PICO. A busca dos estudos ocorreu entre fevereiro e março de 2024 nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed e SciELO. O atendimento a crianças em Unidades de Saúde da Família pode ocorrer através da Estratégia Saúde da Família onde crianças menores de cinco anos são atendidas por enfermeiros e médicos e participam de ações de saúde. A identificação de DMG em gestantes e em recém-nascidos acontece através de consultas na atenção primária, geralmente relatadas pela mãe ou responsável do recém-nascido. A população analisada no estudo enfrenta fatores de risco peculiares à região em que vivem, ademais esse estudo tem relevância para moldar as futuras gerações de recém-nascidos provenientes da Amazônia

Síndrome de Gerstmann: Gerstmann's syndrome

Introdução: A Síndrome de Gerstmann (SG) foi primeiramente descrita pelo neurologista austríaco Joseph Gerstmann, no ano de 1924, descrevendo o caso de um paciente de 53 anos, com a tétrade de sintomas: agrafia, acalculia, desorientação direita e esquerda, agnosia. Apresentação do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 60 anos de idade, branco, hipertenso, com histórico de fibrilação atrial em acompanhamento irregular, foi admitido na enfermaria de neurologia com alteração de linguagem e hemiparesia sensório-motora de início súbito. Apresentava-se hemodinamicamente estável. Discussão: A SG não possui cura, sendo necessária a investigação plena para tratar e intervir em qualquer intercorrência que possa se assemelhar com o quadro apresentado, a  conduta terapêutica irá se aplicar focalizando no alívio dos sintomas, fornecendo apoio multidisciplinar, a fim de se obter uma melhora na qualidade de vida do paciente, obtendo uma melhora nos sintomas e diminuição nas limitações trazidas pela síndrome. Conclusão: Percebe-se a importância de novos estudos a respeito da mesma, em busca de um diagnóstico precoce e acompanhamento eficaz. &nbsp

Síndrome de Cimitarra: Scimitar Syndrome

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome de Cimitarra é uma condição rara na qual ocorre o retorno venoso de forma anômala do pulmão direito para a veia cava inferior (VCI), podendo estar associada a outras malformações. APRESENTAÇÃO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 2 anos, acompanhado da genitora, proveniente do interior do Amapá, relata que o menor há 1 ano começou a apresentar cansaço, fadiga, dificuldade para realizar pequenas atividades do dia, tontura e pneumonias repetidas. Relata, também,  que procurou atendimento na Unidade básica de saúde do seu bairro, e que o menor apresentou, ao exame físico, sopro sistólico ejetivo na borda esternal direita alta e B2 desdobrada constante e fixa com P2 normal. DISCUSSÃO: A forma infantil da síndrome de Cimitarra tem pior prognóstico e sintomas mais graves associados à hipertensão pulmonar e a cardiopatias congênitas. O diagnóstico é feito inicialmente a partir de uma radiografia de tórax que evidencia a veia pulmonar anômala, de configuração curva e paralela a borda direita do coração, que forma uma imagem hipotransparente e remete a espada turca (cimitarra). O tratamento em pacientes assintomáticos, com pressão arterial pulmonar normal e com pequeno shunt esquerda-direita, pode ser conservador. Já em pacientes sintomáticos, é indicada cirurgia de acordo com os dados hemodinâmicos. CONCLUSÃO: Esta síndrome é considerada rara e com diferentes graus de acometimentos, mas, de forma ampla, a sobrevida dos pacientes permanece boa, após correção cirúrgica. Dessa forma, fica clara a necessidade do diagnóstico precoce, ainda intra útero, para um parto e suporte ao recém-nascido adequados

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Arachnidism, scorpionism and ophidism in Ouro Preto Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Abstract: INTRODUCTION This retrospective study shows the profile of arachnidism, ophidism, and scorpionism in the Ouro Preto Municipality, Brazil, from January 2007 to December 2013. METHODS The data were gathered from forms of the Epidemiological Surveillance Sector of the town's Health's Municipal Secretary. RESULTS Of the 412 envenomations, 308 were caused by spiders, 78 by scorpions, and 26 by snakes. The highest number of incidents involved people aged 20-34 years. Females were more affected than males. There were no reports of death. CONCLUSIONS The results show that envenomations caused by spiders, scorpions and snakes have decreased in recent years

Arachnidism, scorpionism and ophidism in Ouro Preto Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Abstract: INTRODUCTION This retrospective study shows the profile of arachnidism, ophidism, and scorpionism in the Ouro Preto Municipality, Brazil, from January 2007 to December 2013. METHODS The data were gathered from forms of the Epidemiological Surveillance Sector of the town's Health's Municipal Secretary. RESULTS Of the 412 envenomations, 308 were caused by spiders, 78 by scorpions, and 26 by snakes. The highest number of incidents involved people aged 20-34 years. Females were more affected than males. There were no reports of death. CONCLUSIONS The results show that envenomations caused by spiders, scorpions and snakes have decreased in recent years

Infectious Disease Agents Associated with Pulmonary Alterations in Aborted Bovine Fetuses

This study investigated the occurrence of selected pathogens of bovine respiratory disease in fetal pulmonary tissue of cattle and associated these with patterns of disease. Fetal pulmonary (n = 37) tissues were evaluated by histopathology; immunohistochemical assays identified intralesional antigens of bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and Mycoplasma bovis. Molecular assays were performed to amplify reproductive disease pathogens and bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 (BoGHV6) from 12 lungs. The 2 patterns of pulmonary diseases were interstitial pneumonia (12/37) and suppurative bronchopneumonia (1/37). The frequency of the intralesional antigens identified was BRSV (16.2%; 6/37), BVDV (13.5%; 5/37), BoAHV1 (8.1%; 3/37), M. bovis (5.4%; 2/37), and BPIV-3 (2.7%; 1/37). Interstitial pneumonia was associated with BRSV (n = 3), BoAHV1 (n = 3), and BVDV (n = 2); suppurative bronchopneumonia contained a Gram-positive bacterium and BVDV and BRSV. Reproductive pathogens detected included Leptospira spp., (n = 3), BVDV, Neospora caninum, and Brucella abortus (n = 2). BoGHV6 DNA was identified in the lungs of two fetuses with interstitial pneumonia. These findings suggest that these fetuses were infected transplacentally by several pathogens. The role of some of these pathogens herein identified must be further elucidated in the possible participation of fetal disease

Encefalite anti-NMDAr associada a tumores ovarianos: estudo de casos e revisão sistemática

A encefalite anti-NMDAR associada a tumores ovarianos é uma condição neurológica rara caracterizada pela presença de anticorpos anti-receptores NMDA no sistema nervoso central, frequentemente relacionada a teratomas ovarianos. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar casos sobre a encefalite anti-NMDAr associada a tumores ovarianos e realizar uma revisão bibliográfica. A revisão foi conduzida por meio de buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library e SciELO, usando descritores MeSH relacionados à encefalite anti-NMDAR e teratomas ovarianos, com um recorte temporal de 2013 a 2023, com artigos na língua inglesa. Foram selecionados artigos que abordavam achados clínicos, diagnóstico, tratamento e desfechos de pacientes com essa síndrome. Os achados clínicos incluíram sintomas como psicose, convulsões, movimentos involuntários e comportamento agressivo. O diagnóstico envolveu avaliação clínica, exames de imagem e detecção de anticorpos anti-NMDA. A terapia incluiu ressecção cirúrgica de teratomas, pulsoterapia de imunoglobulina intravenosa (IVIG) e corticosteroides. Todos os pacientes apresentaram recuperação completa. A compilação dos resultados revelou a eficácia da terapia, com melhora estatisticamente significativa nos sintomas e respostas clínicas após tratamento. A remoção cirúrgica dos teratomas e a terapia imunomodulatória resultaram em recuperação completa. A abordagem de tratamento combinada foi eficaz na redução da resposta autoimune. A análise dos casos também destacou a importância do diagnóstico precoce para melhores resultados. Em resumo, a encefalite anti-NMDAR associada a teratomas ovarianos é uma condição complexa, mas tratável. A abordagem terapêutica combinada, a qual inclui ressecção cirúrgica e terapia imunomoduladora, cuja dose recomendada é de 0,4 g/kg/dia por 5 dias, seguida de corticoides para reduzir a inflamação cerebral, demonstrou eficácia na recuperação completa dos pacientes