ABORDAGEM EXTENSIONISTA NA SEMANA NACIONAL DO TRÂNSITO 2015: CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO E ANÁLISE DE ACIDENTES, DE SEQUELAS E DO NÚMERO DO SAMU

Os acidentes de trânsito configuram-se como um crescente problema de saúde pública, ultrapassando a marca de um milhão de óbitos a cada ano no mundo. Nesse panorama, o Núcleo de Estudos Acadêmicos em Neurocirurgia (NEAN), projeto de extensão da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará organizou uma atividade junto à população em Fortaleza - CE em parceria com o Departamento Estadual de Trânsito (DETRAN). Foi realizada uma ‘’Blitz Educativa’’ na Semana Nacional do Trânsito, cujo tema "Seja Você a Mudança no Trânsito" permitiu a difusão de orientações básicas sobre a prevenção de acidentes e a solicitação por atendimento médico, atribuindo à população a responsabilidade de garantir a sua segurança no trânsito. O expressivo número de mais de 60% de toda a amostra já havia vivenciado uma ocorrência acidental no trânsito, o que coincide com as estatísticas oficiais sobre os acidentes de trânsito ocorridos em Fortaleza. Questionados quanto ao número de telefone para solicitar uma ambulância, o número mais citado foi 192, seguido de 190 e 193, mostrando a real necessidade da informação do número correto para um rápido atendimento e um melhor desfecho do paciente. Assim, faz-se necessário uma sensibilização da população acerca desses problemas, difundindo o conhecimento e alertando sobre as responsabilidades de cada cidadão para a construção de um panorama mais aceitável no trânsito. Palavras-chave: Extensão Universitária, Acidentes de Trânsito, Relações Comunidade-Instituição.   Extension Approach in the 2015 National Week of Traffic: awareness-raising and analysis of accidents, ill-effects and of SAMU’s call number   Abstract: Traffic accidents are a growing public health problem, surpassing one million deaths every year worldwide. In this scenario, the ‘Núcleo de Estudos Acadêmicos em Neurocirurgia’ (NEAN - Center of Academic Studies in Neurosurgery), an extension project in the School of Medicine of Universidade Federal do Ceará, organized an activity in Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil, in partnership with the State Department of Traffic. An educational police checkpoint was set up during the National Week of Traffic which had as theme “Be you the change in traffic" providing prevention-focus orientation about traffic accidents and about calling for medical assistance, and assigning to the population the responsibility for ensuring their safety in traffic. An expressive number of more than 60% of the population interviewed during the project had already experienced traffic accidents, which reiterates similar official statistical data on traffic accidents at Fortaleza. When asked about which phone number to request an ambulance, the most cited number was 192, followed by 190 and 193, showing the real necessity of knowing the right number to call for a fast response medical service and a better outcome for the victim. Thus, it is necessary raising the awareness of population about those problems, by educating and alerting them about the responsibilities of each one for the quality of traffic in the city. Keywords: University Extension, Traffic Accidents, Community-Institutional Relations.   Enfoque de Extensión en la Semana Nacional de Tráfico 2015: sensibilización y análisis de accidentes, de secuelas y del número de teléfono del SAMU Resumen: Los accidentes de tráfico son un problema de salud pública cada vez mayor, superando un millón de muertes cada año en todo el mundo. En este escenario, el Núcleo de Estudios Académicos en Neurocirurgia (NEAN), un proyecto de extensión en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidade Federal de Ceará, organizó una actividad en Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, en colaboración con el Departamento de Tráfico. Durante la Semana Nacional de Tránsito se estableció un puesto de control educativo de la policía que tenía como tema "Sé tú el cambio en el tráfico" proporcionando orientación sobre prevención de accidentes de tráfico y como llamar a la asistencia médica, asignando a la población la responsabilidad de asegurar su propia seguridad en el tráfico. Se ha detectado un número expresivo de más del 60% de la población entrevistada durante el proyecto, que ya había experimentado una ocurrencia accidental en el tráfico, lo que reitera datos estadísticos oficiales similares sobre accidentes de tránsito en Fortaleza. El número más citado para las llamadas medicas de emergencia fue 192, seguido por 190 y 193, lo que demuestra la necesidad real de conocer el número correcto para llamar a un servicio médico de respuesta rápida y obtener un mejor resultado para la víctima. Por lo tanto, es necesario sensibilizar a la población sobre esos problemas, educándolos y alertándolos sobre las responsabilidades de cada uno por la calidad del tráfico en la ciudad. Palabras-clave: Extensión Universitaria, Accidentes de Tráfico, Relaciones Comunidad-Institución.   DOI: https://doi.org/10.24317/2358-0399.2017v8i1.309

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

AVALIAÇÃO NEUROBIOLOGICA DO USO DA RITALINA EM PACIENTES NÃO PORTADORES DE TDHA

The non-therapeutic use of Ritalin, or methylphenidate, among individuals without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has increased, especially in academic settings, due to its potential to improve attention and cognitive performance. This study reviews the neurobiological effects of this use in individuals without ADHD. Changes in brain activity, especially in the prefrontal cortex and limbic system, were compared, alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission were investigated, and differences in neuropsychological performance before and after the use of Ritalin were assessed. The review included articles published between 2011 and 2024 in the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar databases, focusing on the neurobiological effects of Ritalin in individuals without ADHD. Results indicate that, despite temporary improvements in concentration and working memory, prolonged use may cause anxiety, tachycardia, changes in appetite, and dependence, as well as reduce the effectiveness of the medication due to tolerance. It is concluded that the risks to physical and mental health outweigh the short-term cognitive benefits. It is essential to raise awareness about the dangers of non-prescribed use of Ritalin and to promote healthy alternatives for cognitive enhancement, as well as to develop evidence-based guidelines to minimize the risks of unsupervised stimulant use.O uso não terapêutico da Ritalina, ou metilfenidato, entre indivíduos sem Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) tem aumentado, principalmente em ambientes acadêmicos, devido ao seu potencial para melhorar a atenção e o desempenho cognitivo. Este estudo revisa os efeitos neurobiológicos desse uso em indivíduos sem TDAH. Foram comparadas as alterações na atividade cerebral, especialmente no córtex pré-frontal e sistema límbico, investigadas mudanças na neurotransmissão dopaminérgica e avaliadas as diferenças no desempenho neuropsicológico antes e após o uso da Ritalina.    A revisão incluiu artigos publicados entre 2011 e 2024 nas bases PubMed, SciELO, LILACS e Google Scholar, focando nos efeitos neurobiológicos da Ritalina em indivíduos sem TDAH. Resultados indicam que, apesar de melhorias temporárias na concentração e memória de trabalho, o uso prolongado pode causar ansiedade, taquicardia, alterações no apetite e dependência, além de reduzir a eficácia do medicamento devido à tolerância.    Conclui-se que os riscos à saúde física e mental superam os benefícios cognitivos de curto prazo. É essencial conscientizar sobre os perigos do uso não prescrito da Ritalina e promover alternativas saudáveis para o aprimoramento cognitivo, além de desenvolver diretrizes baseadas em evidências para minimizar os riscos do uso não supervisionado de estimulantes

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Käytännön kosteikkosuunnittelu

Maatalouden vesiensuojelua edistetään monin tavoin. Ravinteita ja eroosioainesta sisältäviä valumavesiä pyritään puhdistamaan erilaisissa kosteikoissa. Tämä opas on kirjoitettu avuksi pienimuotoisten kosteikkojen perustamiseen. Oppaassa esitetään käytännönläheisesti kosteikon toteuttamisen eri vaiheet paikan valinnasta suunnitteluun ja rakentamiseen. Vuonna 2010 julkaistun painoksen tiedot on saatettu ajantasalle. Julkaisu on toteutettu osana Tehoa maatalouden vesiensuojeluun (TEHO) -hanketta ja päivitetty TEHO Plus -hankkeen toimesta. Oppaan toivotaan lisäävän kiinnostusta kosteikkojen suunnitteluun ja edelleen niiden rakentamiseen

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data