ODP Channel: an Open Mechanism for Supporting Media Flows in Distributed Environments

Today's distributed applications need to interoperate across different administrative domains, handle multiple types of media, and execute on different computing platforms with different processing and networking capabilities. These demands pose several challenges to the application designer. Issues such as interoperability, real-time communication, security and performance must be properly addressed. This paper addresses the issue of multimedia communication across packet switching networks such as the Internet. The paper describes the design, implementation and evaluation of a generic communication infrastructure based on the Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP). The infrastructure's components are implemented as distributed objects. The implementation can be easily integrated into cooperative applications such as teleconference and telemedicine; serve as a basis for implementing stream interfaces as proposed by the Object Management Group (OMG); or still be a key component of a Distributed Processing Environment (DPE).

Detection of swine proliferative enteropathy (Lawsonia intracellularis) in slaughtered pigs by histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques

Estudou-se a eficácia do diagnóstico macroscópico de lesões da enteropatia proliferativa suína (EPS) usando-se fragmentos de íleo de 663 suínos, coletados em abatedouros localizados em três municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. As amostras foram processadas por métodos histológicos rotineiros e coradas por uma técnica desenvolvida pela combinação das colorações Warthin-Starry, alcian blue e hematoxilina-eosina para detecção simultânea de Lawsonia intracellularis e lesões associadas com EPS. Lâminas suspeitas de EPS foram submetidas à técnica de imunoistoquímica, utilizando anticorpo policlonal anti-Lawsonia intracellularis na diluição de 1:15.000 pelo método avidina-biotina. A coloração combinada detectou 11 casos positivos, e a imunoistoquímica, nove casos adicionais. Entre as 643 amostras consideradas negativas, 12 apresentaram desaparecimento de células caliciformes e proliferação adenomatosa características de EPS, mas ausência de bactérias intracelulares. A eficiência do exame macroscópico para diagnóstico de EPS foi medida pela associação entre os resultados das avaliações macroscópicas e histológicas realizadas em 219 amostras. Embora 51 delas tenham sido consideradas macroscopicamente positivas, apenas quatro foram confirmadas pela presença de bactérias intracelulares associadas com lesões características de EPS. Não se observou associação entre as alterações macroscópicas e histológicas de EPS.Fragments of terminal ileum were collected from 663 pigs at slaughter from three municipalities of the Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil, to study the efficacy of the macroscopic diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE). All samples were processed by standard histological methods and stained with a technique that combined Warthin-Starry, alcian blue and hematoxylin-eosin. Sections were simultaneously evaluated for the detection of Lawsonia intracellularis and lesions associated with PPE. Sections in which the occurrence of PPE was suspected were stained by the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique using a polyclonal antiserum to Lawsonia intracellularis, at the dilution of 1:15,000. The histochemical method detected 11 positive sections and immunohistochemical staining detected additional nine positive cases. Twelve out of 643 negative samples had reduced number of goblet cells and adenomatous proliferation without any detectable bacteria. The efficiency of gross evaluation for detecting PPE was measured through the comparison between the results from gross and histological evaluations performed on samples from 219 animals. Although 51 of these samples were considered positive by gross evaluations, only four of them were confirmed as positive by detection of intracellular bacteria associated with characteristic lesions of PPE. The association between gross and histological changes often reported in PPE was not observed in this study

Detection of swine proliferative enteropathy (Lawsonia intracellularis) in slaughtered pigs by histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques

Estudou-se a eficácia do diagnóstico macroscópico de lesões da enteropatia proliferativa suína (EPS) usando-se fragmentos de íleo de 663 suínos, coletados em abatedouros localizados em três municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. As amostras foram processadas por métodos histológicos rotineiros e coradas por uma técnica desenvolvida pela combinação das colorações Warthin-Starry, alcian blue e hematoxilina-eosina para detecção simultânea de Lawsonia intracellularis e lesões associadas com EPS. Lâminas suspeitas de EPS foram submetidas à técnica de imunoistoquímica, utilizando anticorpo policlonal anti-Lawsonia intracellularis na diluição de 1:15.000 pelo método avidina-biotina. A coloração combinada detectou 11 casos positivos, e a imunoistoquímica, nove casos adicionais. Entre as 643 amostras consideradas negativas, 12 apresentaram desaparecimento de células caliciformes e proliferação adenomatosa características de EPS, mas ausência de bactérias intracelulares. A eficiência do exame macroscópico para diagnóstico de EPS foi medida pela associação entre os resultados das avaliações macroscópicas e histológicas realizadas em 219 amostras. Embora 51 delas tenham sido consideradas macroscopicamente positivas, apenas quatro foram confirmadas pela presença de bactérias intracelulares associadas com lesões características de EPS. Não se observou associação entre as alterações macroscópicas e histológicas de EPS.Fragments of terminal ileum were collected from 663 pigs at slaughter from three municipalities of the Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil, to study the efficacy of the macroscopic diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE). All samples were processed by standard histological methods and stained with a technique that combined Warthin-Starry, alcian blue and hematoxylin-eosin. Sections were simultaneously evaluated for the detection of Lawsonia intracellularis and lesions associated with PPE. Sections in which the occurrence of PPE was suspected were stained by the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique using a polyclonal antiserum to Lawsonia intracellularis, at the dilution of 1:15,000. The histochemical method detected 11 positive sections and immunohistochemical staining detected additional nine positive cases. Twelve out of 643 negative samples had reduced number of goblet cells and adenomatous proliferation without any detectable bacteria. The efficiency of gross evaluation for detecting PPE was measured through the comparison between the results from gross and histological evaluations performed on samples from 219 animals. Although 51 of these samples were considered positive by gross evaluations, only four of them were confirmed as positive by detection of intracellular bacteria associated with characteristic lesions of PPE. The association between gross and histological changes often reported in PPE was not observed in this study

In vitro antimicrobial activity of total extracts of the leaves of Petiveria alliacea L. (Anamu)

The antimicrobial activity of 13 total extracts was evaluated, 10 soft extracts (B) and 3 blended extracts (E) prepared from dry and fresh leaves of Petiveria alliacea L. Various solvents were used for their preparation: hydroalcoholic solution at 30%, 80% and isopropyl alcohol. The antimicrobial effect of the extracts was tested by means of the method of Kirby-Bauer, using four bacterial strains from the ATCC collection (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a leveduriform fungus (Candida albicans). The following quality control parameters were determined for most active extracts: physical, physical-chemical and chemical parameters. The results were: nine extracts showed antibacterial activity, being the most concentrated (B8 and E3), the ones with the highest activity in the presence of the bacteria tested; the effect of blended extracts (E1, E2 and E3) was greater in the presence of P. aeruginosa. Blended extracts are considered more potent and active than soft extracts. No antifungal activity was obtained for both types of extracts. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined for both extracts, with the following results: MIC-soft extracts (>100 mg/mL), blended extracts (>50 mg/mL); MBC-soft extracts (≥400 mg/mL), blended extracts (≥200 mg/mL) based on fresh leaves

Citologia aspirativa no diagnóstico da linfadenite em ovinos

O presente estudo investigou o uso da cito-(73,0%), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (6,0%), Streptococlogia aspirativa com agulha fina no diagnóstico da lin-cus spp. β hemolítico (5,0%) e Escherichia coli (4,0%) fadenite em ovinos e a ocorrência de microrganismos foram os microrganismos mais frequentes nos animais nos linfonodos com lesões, com ênfase no isolamento de com linfadenite. Streptococcus spp. (21,0%) e Staphylo-Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Foram utilizados coccus spp. (7,0%) foram as bactérias isoladas com 100 linfonodos de ovinos com aumento de volume su-maior frequência nos linfonodos sem lesões colhidos em gestivos de linfadenite e 100 linfonodos de ovinos sem abatedouro. A punção aspirativa com agulha fina perlesões, colhidos em abatedouro. C. pseudotuberculosis mitiu identificar microrganismos "corineformes" em 79 (79,0%) animais com linfadenite e, destes, 73 (73,0%) foram identificados como C. pseudotuberculosis. Nenhuma linhagem de C. pseudotuberculosis foi isolada dos linfonodos dos animais sem lesões. Concluiu-se que C. pseudotuberculosis foi o microrganismo mais freqüente nos ovinos com linfadenite, e que a citologia aspirativa pode ser utilizada como método de triagem no diagnóstico da linfadenite caseosa ovin