Factors affecting rind pitting in the mandarin hybrids "fortune" and "nova". The influence of exogenous growth regulators

The commercialization of the mandarin hybrids "Fortune" and "Nova" is hindered by the development of cold-induced pitting in the fruit rind which may develop either in the orchard or during storage and transport. In the late cropping cultivar "Fortune", the pitting develops on tree during the winter months and affects mainly the exposed fruit from the north-west quadrant of the tree. The induction of symptoms under uniform conditions in the cold-room reveals differences in the susceptibility to chilling injury among the fruits and the fruit sides. The green fruit is not susceptible. Susceptibility develops as pigmentation progresses, and it is higher for the exposed than for the non-exposed (covered by the foliage) fruits. The application of GA3 at colour-break delays pigmentation and retards the development of susceptibility. The waxing of the fruit offers some protection to cold in the cold-room. However, the incidence of pitting is not related to the wax content of the fruit rind and the application of a wax coverage on tree had only a marginal protective effect. No pitting is usually found on tree in the fruit of the early ripening "Nova" cultivar, which is usually harvested before the winter chilling. The pitting develops during cold storage (8-10 C), and is reduced by GA3 application at colour break, an effect related to the delay in rind pigmentation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Charles Lang Freer and his gallery of art : turn-of-the-century politics and aesthetics on the National Mall.

This qualifying paper examines the contradiction of a public museum dedicated to one man\u27s vision of art collecting. Charles Lang Freer established the Freer Gallery of Art in 1906, regarded as the first national public art museum on the National Mall. Section One presents the biographical history of Freer, and clarifies his place in the contexts of collecting and aestheticism at the turn of the century. Section Two presents the political situation in Washington, D.C. that gave way to President Theodore Roosevelt\u27s efforts to use Freer\u27s private collection for a public museum on the National Mall. This paper concludes with a review of the original visitors\u27 reactions at the museum\u27s 1923 opening. The reactions of the first visitors are then connected to the present condition of the museum and its relevance today

Two-dimensional molecular para-hydrogen and ortho-deuterium at zero temperature

We study molecular para-hydrogen (p-${\rm H_{2}}$) and ortho-deuterium (o-${\rm D_{2}}$) in two dimensions and in the limit of zero temperature by means of the diffusion Monte Carlo method. We report energetic and structural properties of both systems like the total and kinetic energy per particle, radial pair distribution function, and Lindemann's ratio in the low pressure regime. By comparing the total energy per particle as a function of the density in liquid and solid p-${\rm H_{2}}$, we show that molecular para-hydrogen, and also ortho-deuterium, remain solid at zero temperature. Interestingly, we assess the quality of three different symmetrized trial wave functions, based on the Nosanow-Jastrow model, in the p-${\rm H_{2}}$ solid film at the variational level. In particular, we analyze a new type of symmetrized trial wave function which has been used very recently to describe solid $^{4}$He and found that also characterizes hydrogen satisfactorily. With this wave function, we show that the one-body density matrix $\varrho_{1} (r)$ of solid p-${\rm H_{2}}$ possesses off-diagonal long range order, with a condensate fraction that increases sizably in the negative pressure regime.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure

Circular microwave tomographic imaging. Experimental comparison between quantitative and qualitative algorithms

The iterative Time Domain Inversion tomographic algorithm (TDI) proposed by Chalmers University of Technology is compared in terms of image quality to the UWB Magnitude Combined tomographic algorithm (MC-UWB) proposed by the Universitat Politcnica de Catalunya (UPC). The first is able to provide quantitative permittivity images of the object under test, while the second provides quantitative images, being its major strength the short reconstruction time (real time) and robustness. The comparison between the algorithms will be performed based on experimental measurements acquired with two tomographic setups, available at both universities. The Chalmers setup provides a short acquisition time but a narrow band behavior due to the monopole antennas, while the UPC setup is slower but uses broadband antennas

Using Social Networking Game to Teach Operations Research and Management Science Fundamental Concepts

This paper presents our experience using the popular game FarmVille by Zynga® to teach the fundamentals of linear programming and integer programming concepts to undergraduate students in an introductory operations research course. FarmVille is a popular game within the social networking website Facebook®. A month-long contest was introduced amongst the students with the goal to be the best individual farmer by striving to reach high levels of revenue, experience, and aesthetic appeal of their own unique farm. The contest is to demonstrate the concepts of problem formulation, solution methods, multiple and competing objectives, implementation of policy, and reformulation. The students were surveyed at the beginning of the semester to gain insight into their perceptions of the course. The students were also surveyed regarding the FarmVille Challenge, to gauge the effectiveness of the pedagogy and students\u27 opinions of the hand on approach. The paper demonstrates through surveyed results that the students favored this instruction. The students surveyed agree that this was an engaging and thought provoking exercise and saw the true application of multiple key fundamentals of operations research

Strategies for Using Technology When Grading Problem-Based Classes

More and more work is being done today using technology. Email and digital drop boxes are useful tools for professors; however the challenge comes when one is teaching a quantitative class. The issue of using technology to manage work in a quantitative class is increasing as more engineering programs embrace distance education. In this paper we will review the advantages and disadvantages of several methods of collecting, grading, and returning homework assignments to students. The techniques considered include faxing, PDF grading using a Wacom Tablet, and various email approaches. Student survey results are also included in the paper

Comment on ``A new efficient method for calculating perturbative energies using functions which are not square integrable'': regularization and justification

The method recently proposed by Skala and Cizek for calculating perturbation energies in a strict sense is ambiguous because it is expressed as a ratio of two quantities which are separately divergent. Even though this ratio comes out finite and gives the correct perturbation energies, the calculational process must be regularized to be justified. We examine one possible method of regularization and show that the proposed method gives traditional quantum mechanics results.Comment: 6 pages in REVTeX, no figure

Equation of state of low--density neutron matter and the 1S0^1S_0 pairing gap

We report results of the equation of state of neutron matter in the low--density regime, where the Fermi wave vector ranges from $0.4 fm^{-1} \leq k_F \leq 1.0 fm^{-1}$. Neutron matter in this regime is superfluid because of the strong and attractive interaction in the $^1S_0$ channel. The properties of this superfluid matter are calculated starting from a realistic Hamiltonian that contains modern two-- and three--body interactions. The ground state energy and the $^1S_0$ superfluid energy gap are calculated using the Auxiliary Field Diffusion Monte Carlo method. We study the structure of the ground state by looking at pair distribution functions as well as the Cooper-pair wave function used in the calculations.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

Ground state properties of a dilute homogeneous Bose gas of hard disks in two dimensions

The energy and structure of a dilute hard-disks Bose gas are studied in the framework of a variational many-body approach based on a Jastrow correlated ground state wave function. The asymptotic behaviors of the radial distribution function and the one-body density matrix are analyzed after solving the Euler equation obtained by a free minimization of the hypernetted chain energy functional. Our results show important deviations from those of the available low density expansions, already at gas parameter values $x\sim 0.001$. The condensate fraction in 2D is also computed and found generally lower than the 3D one at the same $x$.Comment: Submitted to PRA. 7 pages and 8 figure

Interaction between dietary unsaturation and α-tocopherol levels : vitamin E content in thigh meat

The present study was carried out to evaluate the influence of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), at different levels of dietary supplementation with α-tocopheryl acetate (a-TA), on α-tocopherol (α-Toc) content in raw thigh meat. One hundred and ninety-two female broiler chickens were randomly distributed into 16 experimental treatments resulting from the combination of 4 levels of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (27, 38, 48 and 59 g/kg) and 4 levels of supplementation with α-TA (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg). As is to be expected, dietary supplementation with α-TA increased α-Toc content of thigh meat. But the vitamin E enrichment magnitude in meat depends on the dietary PUFA content (P sï 0.001). Furthermore, α-Toc content of thigh meat was reduced as the inclusion of dietary PUFA increased. Thus, in treatments supplemented with 100 mg α-TA/kg, an increase of 32 g dietary PUFA significantly reduced α-Toc content of meat by 52%.Cette expérience a été conduite pour évaluer l'influence des acides gras polyinsaturés alimentaires (PUFA), avec différents niveaux d'acétate de α-tocophérol (α-TA), sur le contenu de α-tocophérol (α-Toc) de la viande crue de la cuisse. Cent quatre-vingt douze femelles de poulet de chair ont été réparties au hasard dans 16 traitements expérimentaux correspondant à 4 niveaux d'acides grasses polyinsaturés alimentaires (27, 38, 48 et 59 g/kg) et 4 niveaux de supplémentation en α-TA (0, 100, 200 et 400 mg/kg). La supplémentation du régime en α-TA augmente le contenu de α-Toc de la viande de la cuisse. Mais l'importance de l'enrichissement en vitamine E dans la viande dépend du contenu des PUFA dans la diète (P< 0.001). De plus, le contenu en α-Toc dans la viande de la cuisse est diminué quand l'apport des PUFA dans la diète 192 augmente. Ainsi, dans les traitements supplémentés avec 100 mg a-TA/kg, une augmentation de 32 g des PUFA dans le régime réduit le contenu de α-Toc de la viande de 52%