Evaluation of Dual Side Cooling System for Prismatic Batteries for Vehicle Aplications

Today lithium-ion stands out among the various battery technologies in vehicle applications thanks to their good energy density, low self-discharge and the absence of the memory effect. Nevertheless, lithium-ion batteries pose many challenges such as driving range, lifespan, safety issues and also the charging time which is still significant. In order to reduce the charging time, it is necessary to inject a very high current into the battery which may drastically raise its temperature and thus reduce its lifespan. Today, in most cases, the battery pack of an electric vehicle is cooled through flat cooling plates, mounted either by the lateral or the bottom surfaces. These cooling plates can also be used to warm up the battery in cold weather. But during the fast charge, this configuration poses some problems and can be not efficient enough to cool or heat the batteries. In this study, a battery module is thermally managed not only by the bottom cooling plate but also by a second cooling plate placed on the busbars. According to simulations and experimental tests regarding one case study, this configuration makes it possible to not only cool the module more quickly by reducing the thermal time constant by 47% but also reduces the battery maximum pick temperature reached with a conventional cooling system by 6°C. It stands out that the top cooling plate acts like a thermal bridge which unifies the temperature inside the battery module and thus support the equal ageing process of the batteries

Study of Quasi-Static Magnetization with the Random-Field Ising Model

The topic of this paper is modeling based on Hamiltonian spin interactions. Preliminary studies on the identification of quasi-static magnetizing field in a magnetic system were presented. The random-field Ising model was then used to simulate the simplified ferromagnetic structure. The validation of algorithms and simulation tests were carried out for the 2D and the 3D model spaces containing at least 106 unit cells. The research showed that the response of a slowly driven magnetic system did not depend on the external field sweep rate. Changes in the spatial magnetization of the lattice were very similar below a certain rate of the external field change known as the quasi-static boundary. The observed differences in obtained magnetization curves under quasi-static conditions stemmed from the random nature of the molecular field and the avalanche-like magnetization proces

A Study of Temperature-Dependent Hysteresis Curves for a Magnetocaloric Composite Based on La(Fe, Mn, Si)13-H Type Alloys

In the present paper, the effect of temperature on the shape of magnetic hysteresis loops for a magnetocaloric composite core was studied. The composite core, based on La(Fe, Mn, Si)13-H, was set up using three component disks with different Curie temperatures. The magnetic properties of the components and the outcome composite core were determined using a self-developed measurement setup. For the description of hysteresis loops, the phenomenological T(x) model was used. The presented methodology might be useful for the designers of magnetic active regenerators

Low Power Modular Battery Management System with a Wireless Communication Interface

The paper concerns the design and development of large electric energy storage systems made of lithium cells. Most research advances in the development of lithium-ion battery management systems focus solely on safety, functionality, and improvement of the procedures for assessing the performance of systems without considering their energy efficiency. The paper presents an alternative approach to the design and analysis of large modular battery management systems. A modular battery management system and the dedicated wireless communication system were designed to analyze and optimize energy consumption. The algorithms for assembly, reporting, management, and communication procedures described in the paper are a robust design tool for further developing large and scalable battery systems. The conducted analysis of energy efficiency for the exemplary 100S15P system shows that the energy used to power the developed battery management system is comparable to the energy dissipated due to the intrinsic self-discharge of lithium-ion cells

Modeling of Magnetic Properties of Rare-Earth Hard Magnets

Magnetic properties of hard magnets are currently attracting a great deal of attention. In the paper, the modified Harrison model was used to describe the saturating hysteresis loops of three praseodymium–dysprosium ribbons that differed in their chemical composition and processing conditions. Microstructural studies (TEM and diffraction patterns) were performed for the ribbons under consideration. The Harrison model incorporates a number of physically tangible concepts such as the anhysteretic curve, bifurcations, and bi-stability. The modification of the original approach consisted of adding an additional degree of freedom in the modeling by freeing the restraints present in the original version, in which both coercivity and remanence are functions of temperature only

Modeling of Magnetic Properties of Rare-Earth Hard Magnets

Magnetic properties of hard magnets are currently attracting a great deal of attention. In the paper, the modified Harrison model was used to describe the saturating hysteresis loops of three praseodymium–dysprosium ribbons that differed in their chemical composition and processing conditions. Microstructural studies (TEM and diffraction patterns) were performed for the ribbons under consideration. The Harrison model incorporates a number of physically tangible concepts such as the anhysteretic curve, bifurcations, and bi-stability. The modification of the original approach consisted of adding an additional degree of freedom in the modeling by freeing the restraints present in the original version, in which both coercivity and remanence are functions of temperature only