Family Structure and Female Labour Supply in Mexico City

This paper investigates labour supply of the wives of the heads of households in Mexico City, with a focus on the impact of family structure. A static neoclassical structural model is used. We assume that each woman chooses her labour supply and corresponding income so that her utility is maximized, conditional upon her husband’s labour supply and earnings. We use a direct translog specification, and include family composition variables as taste shifters. Also taken into account are fixed costs of working, nonlinear taxes, unobserved preference variation, prediction errors in wages of nonworkers, and potential endogeneity of wages. The models are estimated by smooth simulated maximum likelihood using data from Mexico’s Urban Employment Survey drawn in 1992. We find income elasticities of labour supply of about -0.35, and wage elasticities of about 0.5. The latter is substantially overestimated if wage rate endogeneity is not taken into account. The results are robust with respect to other specification choices. We find that the impact of family structure variables on participation is different from that on hours worked, so that their total effect is ambiguous.Female labour supply;family structure;discrete regression

Convergence of Adaptive Finite Element Approximations for Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problems

In this paper, we study an adaptive finite element method for a class of a nonlinear eigenvalue problems that may be of nonconvex energy functional and consider its applications to quantum chemistry. We prove the convergence of adaptive finite element approximations and present several numerical examples of micro-structure of matter calculations that support our theory.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figure

Entanglement and dynamical phase transition in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate

Characterizing quantum phase transitions through quantum correlations has been deeply developed for a long time, while the connections between dynamical phase transitions (DPTs) and quantum entanglement is not yet well understood. In this work, we show that the time-averaged two-mode entanglement in the spin space reaches a maximal value when it undergoes a DPT induced by external perturbation in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate. We employ the von Neumann entropy and a correlation-based entanglement criterion as entanglement measures and find that both of them can infer the existence of DPT. While the von Neumann entropy works only for a pure state at zero temperature and requires state tomography to reconstruct, the experimentally more feasible correlation-based entanglement criterion acts as an excellent proxy for entropic entanglement and can determine the existence of entanglement for a mixed state at finite temperature, making itself an excellent indicator for DPT. Our work provides a deeper understanding about the connection between DPTs and quantum entanglement, and may allow the detection of DPT via entanglement become accessible as the examined criterion is suitable for measuring entanglement.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Helicoidal magnetic structure and ferroelectric polarization in Cu3Nb2O8

We investigate the origin of the coplanar helicoidal magnetic structure and the ferroelectric polarization in Cu3Nb2O8 by combining first-principles calculations and our spin-induced ferroelectric polarization model. The coplanar helicoidal spin state comes from the competition between the isotropic exchange interactions, and the ferroelectric polarization from the symmetric exchange striction with slight spin canting. However, the direction of the polarization is not determined by the orientation of the spin rotation plane