19,184 research outputs found
Critical random hypergraphs: The emergence of a giant set of identifiable vertices
We consider a model for random hypergraphs with identifiability, an analogue
of connectedness. This model has a phase transition in the proportion of
identifiable vertices when the underlying random graph becomes critical. The
phase transition takes various forms, depending on the values of the parameters
controlling the different types of hyperedges. It may be continuous as in a
random graph. (In fact, when there are no higher-order edges, it is exactly the
emergence of the giant component.) In this case, there is a sequence of
possible sizes of ``components'' (including but not restricted to N^{2/3}).
Alternatively, the phase transition may be discontinuous. We are particularly
interested in the nature of the discontinuous phase transition and are able to
exhibit precise asymptotics. Our method extends a result of Aldous [Ann.
Probab. 25 (1997) 812-854] on component sizes in a random graph.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117904000000847 in the
Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Manifolds in random media: A variational approach to the spatial probability distribution
We develop a new variational scheme to approximate the position dependent
spatial probability distribution of a zero dimensional manifold in a random
medium. This celebrated 'toy-model' is associated via a mapping with directed
polymers in 1+1 dimension, and also describes features of the
commensurate-incommensurate phase transition. It consists of a pointlike
'interface' in one dimension subject to a combination of a harmonic potential
plus a random potential with long range spatial correlations. The variational
approach we develop gives far better results for the tail of the spatial
distribution than the hamiltonian version, developed by Mezard and Parisi, as
compared with numerical simulations for a range of temperatures. This is
because the variational parameters are determined as functions of position. The
replica method is utilized, and solutions for the variational parameters are
presented. In this paper we limit ourselves to the replica symmetric solution.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures available on request, Revte
Alfred Müller-Armack and Ludwig Erhard: Social Market Liberalism
"Soziale Marktwirtschaft" (Social Market Economy) is the economic order that was established in Western Germany after 1945. It is not a precisely outlined theoretical system but more a cipher for a "mélange" of socio-political ideas for a free and socially just society and some general rules of economic policy. It is a decided liberal concept, based on individual freedom and the belief that well-functioning markets and competition lead to economic efficiency and by this, to economic development (or in the case of Germany, recovery) and social improvement. But in sharp distinction to the harmonious Smithian world of the "invisible hand", the "founding fathers" of the post-war economic order in Germany were convinced that the economic system must be guided by an "economic constitution" provided by the state. --
The Brownian continuum random tree as the unique solution to a fixed point equation
In this note, we provide a new characterization of Aldous' Brownian continuum
random tree as the unique fixed point of a certain natural operation on
continuum trees (which gives rise to a recursive distributional equation). We
also show that this fixed point is attractive.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure
Preservation of log-concavity on summation
We extend Hoggar's theorem that the sum of two independent discrete-valued
log-concave random variables is itself log-concave. We introduce conditions
under which the result still holds for dependent variables. We argue that these
conditions are natural by giving some applications. Firstly, we use our main
theorem to give simple proofs of the log-concavity of the Stirling numbers of
the second kind and of the Eulerian numbers. Secondly, we prove results
concerning the log-concavity of the sum of independent (not necessarily
log-concave) random variables
Quantum fluctuations and glassy behavior: The case of a quantum particle in a random potential
In this paper we expand our previous investigation of a quantum particle
subject to the action of a random potential plus a fixed harmonic potential at
a finite temperature T. In the classical limit the system reduces to a
well-known ``toy'' model for an interface in a random medium. It also applies
to a single quantum particle like an an electron subject to random
interactions, where the harmonic potential can be tuned to mimic the effect of
a finite box. Using the variational approximation, or alternatively, the limit
of large spatial dimensions, together with the use the replica method, and are
able to solve the model and obtain its phase diagram in the
plane, where is the particle's mass. The phase diagram is similar to that
of a quantum spin-glass in a transverse field, where the variable
plays the role of the transverse field. The glassy phase is characterized by
replica-symmetry-breaking. The quantum transition at zero temperature is also
discussed.Comment: revised version, 23 pages, revtex, 5 postscript figures in a separate
file figures.u
Zero-Energy Fields on Complex Projective Space
We consider complex projective space with its Fubini-Study metric and the
X-ray transform defined by integration over its geodesics. We identify the
kernel of this transform acting on symmetric tensor fields.Comment: 30 page
Zero-energy fields on complex projective space
We consider complex projective space with its Fubini-Study metric and the X-ray transform defined by integration over its geodesics. We identify the kernel of this transform acting on symmetric tensor fields
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