Produção de forragem e desempenho de novilhos em pastos de capim Mombaça sob pastejo rotativo.

O manejo do pastejo em plantas forrageiras tropicais pode promover incrementos na eficiência de produção, utilização ou colheita da forragem produzida. O objetivo nesse trabalho foi avaliar a produção de forragem e o desempenho de novilhos em Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça sob pastejo rotativo

Estimativa de áreas agrícolas utilizando o produto MOD13Q1 em Baturité, Ceará.

Avaliou-se a dinâmica de áreas agrícolas através da classificação por árvore dedecisão entre os anos de 2000 a 2011 no município de Baturité, Estado do Ceará. Foram utilizados o produto MOD13Q1, e o Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) gerado a partir dos sensores de radar a bordo do ônibus espacial Endeavour, no projeto SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) para montagem da árvore de decisão e classificação das áreas agrícolas de Baturité. O teste Qui-quadrado revelou que o 2 cal χ (1967,93) é superior ao 2 0 χ (19,68) para o intervalo de confiança de α = 5% e 9 graus de liberdade, consequentemente aceita-se a hipótese de nulidade que afirma que os dados observados não são diferentes dos dados estimados. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a técnica da árvore de decisão foi eficaz na determinação das áreas agrícolas em Baturité. A ferramenta poderá dar suporte para levantamentos e planejamentos para tomada de decisões no setor primário (agricultura/pecuária) dos municípios do Ceará

Chemical composition and morphophysiological responses of Manihot plants.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important forage source for livestock, while wild cassavas (maniçoba and pornunça ? Manihot sp.), native from Brazilian semi-arid have the potential to feed ruminants in drylands. We hypothesized that maniçoba and pornunça have a chemical composition and morphophysiological responses similar to cassava cultivars. Nine Manihot plants were evaluated, six wild cassava accessions (BGMS 20, BGMS 21, BGMS 22, BGMS 26, BGMS 79, and BGMS 102), pornunça (BGMS 24) and two cassava cultivars (gema-de-ovo [GO] and engana-ladrão [EL]). We evaluated two 6-month crop cycles under a completely randomized design with four replicates. The genotype BGMS 20 had higher shoot biomass than BGMS 24, BGMS 79, EL, and GO, as well as higher leaf mass than EL and GO. Photosynthesis, leaf temperature, stomatal conductance, and transpiration were similar among the genotypes (13.83 ?mol.m-2.s-1, 29.90 ºC, 0.12 mol.m-2.s-1 and 2.75 mmol.m-2.s-1, respectively). EL had a shoot crude protein content higher than the others, except for BGMS 21 and BGMS 24. Genotypes did not differ concerning in situ and in vitro (dry matter (DM)) degradability and mineral composition. BGMS 24 had a higher number of leaves than the others, and BGMS 20 had taller plants than the other genotypes, except for BGMS 21 and BGMS 22. In vitro gas production was similar among the genotypes considering total carbohydrates. Wild cassava accessions showed shoot biomass, leaf mass physiological responses, and chemical composition compatible with cassava cultivars; therefore, they show potential as alternative forages for livestock

Carcass yield, non-carcass components, and economic viability of licuri oil addition to the diet of Santa Ines ewes.

The production of biofuels has caused an increase in the prices of agricultural commodities. Thus, the ecological footprint, social inclusion and profitability of production systems have encouraged the use of agro-industrial products as an alternative in ruminant feeds. Objective: To evaluate carcass yields, non-carcass components, and the economic viability of including licuri oil in diet of Santa Ines ewes. Methods: A total of 32 Santa Ines ewes (multiparous, non-lactating, 2?4 years old, and 36.7±0.87 kg of body weight?BW) were allotted to a randomized block design with four treatments (diets containing 0, 2, 4 or 5% licuri oil) with eight replicates per treatment, and confined for 77 days. Results: The incremental inclusion of licuri oil promoted a quadratic response on slaughter BW, carcass and true yields, chest widths, heart fat, pancreas, omental fat, and ribeye area (p<0.05). Carcass, heart and loin weight, shank yield, fat thickness and loin fat were reduced (p<0.05); while cooling losses, left half-carcass weight, saw blade yield, and proportion of meat in the loin increased (p<0.05) with increasing dietary levels of licuri oil. The control diet resulted in the best gross revenue (USD$609.39); however, there was a loss (USD$50.96) regarding economic performance indicators. Conclusion: The use of up to 2% licuri oil in the diet increased carcass yield of discard ewes

Tannins in the diet for lactating goats from different genetic groups in the Brazilian semiarid: nitrogen, energy and water balance.

This study aimed to evaluate intake, milk production, nitrogen balance, energy balance, and water balance of lactating goats given diets with and without condensed tannin. Twenty-two multiparous, lactating goats, from three genotypes: 8 Saanen (49.05 ± 7.93 kg initial body weight; 1.38 kg milk/day), 8 Repartida (33.62 ± 1.92 kg initial body weight; 0.40 kg of milk/day) and 6 Canind´e (36.48 ± 5.79 kg initial body weight; 0.38 kg milk/day), with an average age of 5 years and 30 days of lactation, were distributed in a factorial arrangement of 3 (genetic groups) x 2 (diets - control and with the inclusion of 5% tannin, on a dry matter basis). The experimental period lasted 30 days, with 25 days for adaptation of animals and 5 days for data collection. There was an effect of the genetic group for the intake of crude protein (P = 0.001) and neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.009), milk yield (P = 0.002); contents of ingested N, absorbed N, excreted N in urine and N in milk (P < 0.05); gross energy (GE) ingested, GE lost in urine, GE of milk produced and GE lost in digestion gases (P < 0.05); digestible energy (P = 0.009) and metabolizable energy (P = 0.009); water intake via drinking fountain, water intake via food, total water intake, water absorbed, wate retained, water excretion via feces and water excretion via urine (P< 0.05). Tannin-added diets had greater excretion of water via feces (P = 0.003) and a higher concentration of retained water (P = 0.013). On the other hand, they provided a lower excretion of water via urine (P = 0.040) in relation to the control diet. There was an interaction effect between genetic groups and diets for the absorbed water: total water intake (P = 0.010) and retained water: total water intake (P = 0.010). In the experimental conditions, the inclusion of 5% CT in the diet for Repartida, Canind´e and Saanen dairy goats do not affect the intake of dry matter and nutrients, or milk production. Nevertheless, it increased the efficiency of water use by animals. The genetic group has influence on intake, and nitrogen, energy and water balances

Water intake and ingestive behavior of sheep fed diets based on silages of cactus pear and tropical forages.

The objective was to evaluate the water intake and ingestive behavior of sheep fed diets containing silages of cactus pear combined with tropical forages. Forty sheep without defined breed, intact, with initial average weight of 22.65 ± 1.01 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 8 replications. The experimental diets consisted of cactus pear silage (CPS), cactus pear + buffel grass silage (CPBS), cactus pear + gliricidia silage (CPGS), cactus pear + pornunça silage (CPPS), and corn silage (CS). CPGS provided higher water intake via food, total water intake, metabolic water, and excretion via feces and urine (P < 0.05). Animals that received diets containing CS showed higher water intake via drinking fountain, less efficient feeding and rumination of dry matter, less efficient rumination of neutral detergent fiber, grams of dry matter per cud, grams of neutral detergent fiber per cud, and the shortest average time spent in chewing per cud (P < 0.05). CPGS, CPPS, and CS provided longer times for rumination and numbers of cuds per day (P < 0.05). CPS showed animals spending more time in idleness, lower quantity of cuds per minute, higher concentration of crystals in urine, with a higher frequency of ammonia-magnesium phosphate and calcium oxalate. Silages based on cactus pear are an alternative to the supply of water via food for sheep in semi-arid

Intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and performance in lamb fed spineless cactus silage associated with forages adapted to the semiarid environment Spineless cactus silages in diets for lambs.

The study aimed to evaluate the intake, apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance and productive performance in lamb fed spineless cactus silage associated with forages adapted to the semiarid environment. Forty intact crossbred lambs, with an average body weight of 22.65 ± 1.01 kg, were distributed in a completely randomised design with five treatments (diets based on: spineless cactus silage (SCS), spineless cactus + buffelgrass silage (SCBS), spineless cactus + gliricidia silage (SCGS), spineless cactus + pornunça silage (SCPS) and corn silage (CS; witness) and eight animals per treatment. Intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and performance of animals were evaluated. The SCGS diet showed higher intake of dry matter and organic matter (P<0.05). The SCGS and SCPS diets showed the highest crude protein intake (P = 0.005). Lower intake of ether extract was found in animals receiving diets containing SCS and SCBS (P = 0.001). SCBS and SCGS provided a higher intake of neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.015). SCS and SCGS diets displayed a higher intake of non-fiber carbohydrates (P = 0.003). SCGS diets displayed the highest total digestible nutrients intake (P = 0.001). SCPS diet showed lower digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein (P<0.05). SCGS diet showed a lower digestibility coefficient for ether extract (P = 0.009). SCPS diet showed lower digestibility coefficients for neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.022). SCS and SCPS diets showed lower digestibility coefficients for non-fiber carbohydrates (P = 0.011). The CS promoted lower results for intake (P = 0.003), absorbed (P = 0.003) and balance (P = 0.012) for nitrogen. SCPS diet promoted higher excretion of nitrogen via faeces (P = 0.001) and less excretion of nitrogen via urine (P = 0.033). SCGS diet provided a higher final weight (P = 0.006). SCS and SCGS diets provided more significant body weight gain (P = 0.001). Combining spineless cactus with a roughage base allowed weight gains over 200 g/day, proving to be efficient in diets for feedlot lamb and gains similar or superior to corn-based diets

Trend and spatial analysis of prostate cancer mortality in the state of Sergipe, Brazil

This is an ecological study with exploratory analysis of spatial and temporal data based on mortality data with respect to prostate cancer obtained from the Mortality Information System concerning residents of the state of Sergipe, Brazil between 2000 and 2015. The analysis of temporal trends was performed using the Joinpoint Regression Program through Poisson regression. Spatial analysis was performed using the empirical Bayesian model, Kernel analysis, Global Moran and Local indices. There were 1,986 deaths due to prostate cancer, most of which occurring after 60 years of age. An increasing, non-constant but significant trend in mortality rates was noted. The kernel density estimator showed hotspot densities of the highest rates of prostate cancer mortality in the north-eastern and central regions of the state. High-risk clusters were identified for prostate cancer mortality (I = 0.55, P<0.01). There was an increase in prostate cancer mortality rates and a heterogeneous geographic distribution of risk areas, with high-risk priority areas identified in certain regions of the state. These priority areas include the municipalities located in the Northeast (Amparo do São Francisco, Aquidabã, Canhoba, Cedro de São João and Telha), the West (Frei Paulo and Pedra Mole) and the south-western region of the state (Poço Verde and Simão Dias)