Chemical lumping of mechanisms generated by computer. Application to the modelling of normal butane oxidation

This paper describes a technique which permits to drastically reduce comprehensive primary mechanisms which can be obtained by computer aided design in the case of the gas-phase oxidation of alkanes. This procedure has been tested by reducing a primary mechanism which had been automatically generated in the case of the normal-butane oxidation by the software EXGAS which is developed in Nancy. The reduced mechanism thus obtained permits to obtain results very close to those computed by using the complete mechanism in the case of the modelling of the normal-butane oxidation both at low temperature between 554 and 737K, in the negative temperature coefficient field, and at higher temperature at 937 K

NTRK fusion-positive cancers and TRK inhibitor therapy

NTRK gene fusions involving either NTRK1, NTRK2 or NTRK3 (encoding the neurotrophin receptors TRKA, TRKB and TRKC, respectively) are oncogenic drivers of various adult and paediatric tumour types. These fusions can be detected in the clinic using a variety of methods, including tumour DNA and RNA sequencing and plasma cell-free DNA profiling. The treatment of patients with NTRK fusion-positive cancers with a first-generation TRK inhibitor, such as larotrectinib or entrectinib, is associated with high response rates (>75%), regardless of tumour histology. First-generation TRK inhibitors are well tolerated by most patients, with toxicity profiles characterized by occasional off-tumour, on-target adverse events (attributable to TRK inhibition in non-malignant tissues). Despite durable disease control in many patients, advanced-stage NTRK fusion-positive cancers eventually become refractory to TRK inhibition; resistance can be mediated by the acquisition of NTRK kinase domain mutations. Fortunately, certain resistance mutations can be overcome by second-generation TRK inhibitors, including LOXO-195 and TPX-0005 that are being explored in clinical trials. In this Review, we discuss the biology of NTRK fusions, strategies to target these drivers in the treatment-naive and acquired-resistance disease settings, and the unique safety profile of TRK inhibitors