Involvement of autophagy in the effect of exercise on left ventricular hypertrophy induced by high fat diet in rats

Chaired Posters PresentationObjectives: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) associated with obesity increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease, which could be attenuated by exercise in overweight and hypertensive patients. The lysosomal degradation pathway − autophagy is reportedly mediated the beneficial effect of exercise on glucose and lipid homeostasis. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of autophagy in the effect of exercise on LVH induced by high fat diet in rats. Methods: Female adult SD rats were divided into 4 groups namely: (i) high fat diet (HFD), (ii) HFD+exercise, (iii) exercise, (iv) control. Rats in the HFD groups were orally fed with high-fat chow (30% fat) daily for 12 weeks, and rats in the exercise groups had exercise with a motorized wheel in the last 4 weeks. Noninvasive measures of systolic pressure and fat composition were assessed, respectively by tail cuff and MRI. The expression of markers for cardiac hypertrophy and the protein expression in autophagic pathway were determined by quantitative real time-PCR and western blot, respectively. Statistical significance was at p<0.05 with ANOVA analysis followed by post-hoc tests. Results: Rats fed with HFD had LVH (increased heart weight and LV/ RV+septum ratio) with higher levels of body weight, arterial pressures and fat composition than that of the control rat. In addition, the QTc interval and the diameter and disarray of ventricular myocytes were significantly increased in the HFD group, supported by elevated levels of the expression of hypertrophic markers (ANP, BNP, β-MHC). These parameters were attenuated by exercise in the HFD-fed rats. Moreover, we found elevated levels of LC3II in the HFD heart, which were also attenuated by exercise, suggesting an involvement of autophagy in the beneficial effect of exercise. Furthermore, the expression level of AMPKα was also increased in the exercise groups. Conclusion: We demonstrated that exercise lowers the body weight and attenuates the HFD-induced LVH in rats, which probably involves autophagy. Future studies will focus on the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis.published_or_final_versio

The role of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 in fracture repair - implications for atrophic nonunion

Session - Clinical PerspectiveConference Theme: Bone Tissue EngineeringeCMVIII was dedicated to honour of Prof. Dr. med. D.Sc. (h.c.) Stephan M Perren a world-renowned research trauma surgeon for his endless work on bone research, teaching, advising, fostering ideas and mentoring of scientists.published_or_final_versio

Oxidative stress induced by intermittent hypoxia exacerbates lipid accumulation and inflammation in a cell model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Oral PresentationBackground/Aims: The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is high in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and NASH is a progressive hallmark of the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Chronic intermittent hypoxia is associated with recurrent episodes of oxygen desaturation and reoxygenation in OSA patients, leading to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The causal link between OSA and NAFLD is not known and the mechanistic effect of intermittent hypoxia (IH) on the pathogenesis of NAFLD remains elusive. Here we tested the hypothesis that IH-induced oxidative stress aggravates lipid accumulation and inflammation induced by sodium palmitate in HepG2 cells. Materials and Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with sodium palmitate or vehicle under normoxia (Nx) or IH condition for 72 hours in the present or absence of a ROS scavenger MnTBAP. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay and intracellular lipid deposit was examined by oil red staining. Lipid peroxidation was measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) assay and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by CM-H2DCFDA staining. The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6), fatty acid uptake-associated genes (caveolin-1 and FATP5), fatty acid synthesis genes (SREBP1 and ACC1) and fatty acid β-oxidation gene ACOX were determined by real-time PCR. Results: Results showed that sodium palmitate increased lipid deposit in the cells and it also decreased cell viability. The effect of sodium palmitate was more prominent in the group co-treated with hypoxia. Levels of MDA and ROS and the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and caveolin-1, but not FATP5, were significantly increased in the palmitate- or hypoxia-treated group and were remarkably elevated in the co-treated group. These effects were abolished by MnTBAP treatment. In addition, levels of the expression of ACOX, SREBP1 and ACC1 were significantly lowered in the cells treated with palmitate or hypoxia and the expressions were much less in the cotreated group. Treatment of MnTBAP prevented the decreased expression of ACOX but had no effect on the SREBP1 and ACC1 expression. Conclusion: IH-induced oxidative stress exacerbates lipid accumulation and inflammation induced by sodium palmitate in HepG2 cells, probably mediated by an increase in lipid uptake and a decrease in the fatty acid β-oxidation.published_or_final_versio

Differential functions of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 in bone repair

Conference Theme: Spinal Motion Segment: From Basic Science to Clinical ApplicationPosterspublished_or_final_versio

Erratum: Vital Signs During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Retrospective Analysis of 19,960 Participants in Wuhan and Four Nearby Capital Cities in China (Global Heart (2021) 16: 1 (47) DOI: 10.5334/gh.913)

This article details a correction to: Li J-W, Guo Y-T, Di Tanna GL, Neal B, Chen Y-D, Schutte AE. Vital Signs During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Retrospective Analysis of 19,960 Participants in Wuhan and Four Nearby Capital Cities in China. Global Heart. 2021;16(1):47. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/gh.913. CORRECTION The original article was published without complete funding details. It listed one funder, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (H2501), National Key Research and Development Project of China (2018YFC2001200). There was another funder missing from the original article, the Chinese Military Health Care (20BJZ26). The originally listed funder covered expenses for enrolment and follow-up of patients, and the purchase and maintenance of necessary equipment. The second funder covered the costs of publication. COMPETING INTERESTS J.L. held an International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program China (20170103) during the course of this work. G. Tao has no disclosures. A.E. Schutte received speaker honoraria from Omron Healthcare, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Servier, and serves on research advisory board for Abbott. She is President of the International Society of Hypertension, 2018-2020. G.L. Di Tanna has no disclosures. B. Neal is supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Principal Research Fellowship; holds a research grant for this study from Janssen; and has held research grants for other large-scale cardiovascular outcome trials from Roche, Servier, and Merck Schering Plough; and his institution has received consultancy, honoraria, or travel support for contributions he has made to advisory boards and/or the continuing medical education programs of Abbott, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and Servier. Y. Chen has no disclosures

Garlic-derived S-allylmercaptocysteine ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a rat model through inhibition of apoptosis and enhancing autophagy

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The iron-chelating drug M30 down-regulates carbon tetrachloride (CCI4)-induced hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in vitro

Topic: 2 Acute Liver FailureThis journal suppl. entitled: APASL Liver Week 2013BACKGROUND/AIMS: The novel multifunctional brain permeable ironchelator M30 possesses neuroprotective activities against several insults applicable to various neurodegenerative diseases. However, the effect of M30 on CCl4 induced acute liver damage is still unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the multifunctional drug M30 could ameliorate CCl4 induced hepatic injury in human HepG2 cell line. METHODS: HepG2 cells were grown in DMEM supplemented with ...postprin

Intermittent hypoxia aggravates early pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is associated with recurrent episodes of oxygen desaturation and reoxygenation in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. The prevalence of OSA is high in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanistic effect of CIH on the early pathogenesis of NAFLD remains elusive. Here we tested the hypothesis that IH aggravates oxidative stress and inflammation induced by high fat diet at an initial stage of pathogenesis ...postprin

Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of a Novel P450 Gene Encoding CYP345D3 from the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum

A novel cDNA clone encoding a cytochrome P450 gene has been isolated from the insecticide-susceptible strain of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The nucleotide sequence of the clone, designated CYP345D3, was determined. The cDNA is 1554 bp in length and contains an open reading frame from base pairs 32 to 1513, encoding a protein of 493 amino acid residues and a predicted molecular weight of 57466 Daltons. The putative protein contains the classic heme-binding sequence motif FxxGxxxCxG (residues 430–439) conserved among all P450 enzymes as well as other characteristic motifs of the cytochrome P450s. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with other CYP members shows that CYP345D3 shares 91% identity with the previously published sequence of CYP345D1 from the T. castaneum genome project and the nucleotide sequence identity between them is less than 80%. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences from members of various P450 families indicated close phylogenetic relationship of CYP345D3 with CYP6 of other insects than those from mammals and amore distant relationship to P450 from other families. CYP345D3 was submitted to GenBank, accession number EU008544

Transcription, one allele at a time

A recent study presents a technique allowing one to image transcription from a single gene copy in live cells, and highlights the dynamic nature of transcriptional regulation