Cost-benefit modelling for reliability growth

Decisions during the reliability growth development process of engineering equipment involve trade-offs between cost and risk. However slight, there exists a chance an item of equipment will not function as planned during its specified life. Consequently the producer can incur a financial penalty. To date, reliability growth research has focussed on the development of models to estimate the rate of failure from test data. Such models are used to support decisions about the effectiveness of options to improve reliability. The extension of reliability growth models to incorporate financial costs associated with 'unreliability' is much neglected. In this paper, we extend a Bayesian reliability growth model to include cost analysis. The rationale of the stochastic process underpinning the growth model and the cost structures are described. The ways in which this model can be used to support cost-benefit analysis during product development are discussed and illustrated through a simple case

Usage pattern of Library Resources and Services by the Students and Faculty Members of B.Ed Colleges Affiliated to Kuvempu University

This study explores user perception, the use of an academic library, and the correlation between user perception and library use. The findings indicate that the B.Ed College library is a preferred place to study and spend time during non-class times on campus. The frequent user activities in the library included individual study, reading, computer use, finding information, group study, using reference and information services, and meeting and socializing. The correlation between library use and each of the user activities was examined. The findings suggest that users perceive the B.Ed College library primarily as a place for learning and information seeking. The study shows how users perceive and use the library, and provides insights into how libraries can strengthen their place and advance their role in the academic community

ADAPTIVE NOISE SUPPRESSION IN VOICE COMMUNICATION USING ASSNFIS SYSTEM

The paper proposed the adaptive noise suppression technique for suppression of noise in voice communication. There are different techniques earlier used for adaptive filteration like least mean square, kalman’s filter etc.In the paper we used “fuzzy logic” technique for adaptive filteration. We know about the theory of adptive filteration of noise and application of fuzzy logic. We are using the fuzzy logic functions anfis and genfis1 by matlab for simulation. Anfis is the adaptive neuro-fuzzy training of sugeno-type fuzzy inference systems. In this paper we uses anfis system to suppress different types of noise from voice signal

The Extension of Generalized Intuitionistic Topological Spaces

In this paper, irresolute functions in generalized intuitionistic topological spaces were introduced. Regarding this function, some minimal and maximal irresolute functions were introduced. In addition, the generalized intuitionistic topological spaces were extended by using their open sets which is finer than of it and their basic characterizations were investigated. Also some continuous functions in extension of generalized intuitionistic topological spaces were discussed

BIOMARKERS IN SERUM, URIC ACID AS A RISK FACTOR FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION

ABSTRACTObjectives: Uric acid (UA) is the end product of purine metabolism in humans. UA is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism and has beenimplicated in diabetes mellitus (DM) as well as in hyperlipidemias. Hyperuricemia can cause serious health problems including renal insufficiency.Hyperuricemia is associated with many diseases including hypertension (HTN), DM, hypertriglyceridemia, and obesity. The aim was to determine theserum UA (SUA) level in Patients of Type 2 DM with HTN.Methods: Out of 100 samples, 50 were found as cases of Type 2 diabetic with HTN, and the 50 control samples were without Type 2 diabetic HTN.Results: SUA, glycosylated hemoglobin, and low-density lipoprotein of male and female cases of Type 2 DM with HTN compared to control were(p<0.05) highly significant and also serum triglycerides and total cholesterol of both sex groups of Type 2 DM with HTN compared to control werefound to be (p<0.05) highly significance.Conclusion: It is concluded from our present study that level of SUA >7.0 mg/dl were significantly seen in cases of diabetes with HTN. SUA ≤5.0 mg/dlwas significantly seen in subjects without diabetes with HTN. Our data showed hyperuricemia and glycated hemoglobin as significant risk factors inthe progression of DM, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, renal disorder, hypertriglyceridemia, and obesity. Further large sample size studies areneeded to be done in the direction with more focused mechanistic approaches to fortify the fact. Very little is known about the relationship betweenUA, DM, and HTN in India.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Uric acid, Glycosylated hemoglobin, Lipid profil

ASSESSMENT OF MICROALBUMINURIA IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSIVES AND ITS RESPONSE TO ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITOR THERAPY

ABSTRACTObjective: Objective is to study the prevalence of microalbuminuria among patients suffering from essential hypertension and also to evaluate theresponse of microalbuminuria to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors therapy.Methods: The study conducted at Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, on 300 patients with essential hypertension. After attainingbaseline parameters in all patients, those newly diagnosed essential hypertensives with microalbuminuria not on any treatment were started on anACE inhibitor (ramipril), for 8 weeks, after which all parameters were reassessed and comparison and statistical analysis were done to establish theprevalence of microalbuminuria and its response to therapy.Results: In our study, mean microalbuminuria excretion was 101.79 mcg/mg creatinine at the beginning of the study and 80.20 mcg/mg creatinineafter 8 weeks of ACE inhibitor therapy, with 21.2% fall rate.Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is an independent risk factor for the development or worsening of hypertensive nephropathy and endothelialdysfunction, thereby increasing the risk of micro- and macro-vascular complications.Keywords: Microalbuminuria, Essential hypertension, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy

AI-Based Sustainable and Intelligent Offloading Framework for IIoT in Collaborative Cloud-Fog Environments

The cloud paradigm is one of the most trending areas in today’s era due to its rich profusion of services. However, it fails to serve the latency-sensitive Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications associated with automotives, robotics, oil and gas, smart communications, Industry 5.0, etc. Hence, to strengthen the capabilities of IIoT, fog computing has emerged as a promising solution for latency-aware IIoT tasks. However, the resource-constrained nature of fog nodes puts forth another substantial issue of offloading decisions in resource management. Therefore, we propose an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled intelligent and sustainable framework for an optimized multi-layered integrated cloud fog-based environment where real-time offloading decisions are accomplished as per the demand of IIoT applications and analyzed by a fuzzy based offloading controller. Moreover, an AI based Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) has been incorporated into a framework that promises to search for the best possible resources and make accurate decisions to ameliorate various Quality-of-Service (QoS) parameters. The experimental results show an escalation in makespan time up to 37.17%, energy consumption up to 27.32%, and execution cost up to 13.36% in comparison to benchmark offloading and allocation schemes

Clinical profile of acute myocardial infarction patients: a study in tertiary care centre

Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) remains the major cause of mortality and morbidity of mankind. Even though lot of advances are made in diagnosis, management and prevention of the disease. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, affecting over 5 million Americans. It is the most common cause of death in most western countries.Methods: This study was carried out in Intensive Coronary Care Unit (ICCU) of McGann hospital, Shimoga. The material of study consisted of 100 consecutive patients of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) admitted to ICCU of McGann hospital from January 2014 to November 2014. Only patients who satisfied World Health Organization (WHO) definition for the diagnosis of AMI were selected for the study.Results: The age of patients in this study ranged from 24 years to 85 years. Mean age 52.91 ± 13.19 years. Out of 100 cases, 82 were males and 18 were female. The male to female ratio was 4.5:1. Among the 100 patients studied, 92 patients (92%) had atleast on of the risk factors mentioned above and 46 patients (46%) had more than one risk factors. 45 of the 96 patients (46.88%) percentage to the hospital within 6 hours of onset of chest pain. The pulse rate was within normal limits in 65 patients (65%). 26 patients (26%) had tachycardia at time of presentation and 9 patients (9%) had bradycardia. In 29 patients (29%) blood pressure was more than 140/90 mmHg and 15 patients (15%) had hypotension at time of presentation. In remaining 56 patients (56%) blood pressure was within normal limits. JVP was elevated in 6 patients (6%). 4 patients (4%) were in cardiogenic shock at the time of presentation and 13 patients (13%) were in left ventricular failure.Conclusion: There is need for early detection of risk factor to prevent the progression of coronary heart disease, need for creating awareness in the community regarding risk factors, symptoms and signs of acute myocardial infarction so that early referral can be done to coronary care unit to prevent morbidity and mortality in the community.

Clinical assessment of functional outcome in lateral epicondylitis managed by local infiltration of autologous blood

Lateral epicondylitis is a well known elbow disorder known to affect a variety of population. Though the disorder is expected to affect alot of sports personnel, the incidence is not uncommon in persons ofhousehold activities. The management comprises of conservative tooperative with a dilemma of what to be done in most of the affected population. A large number of interventions have been tried to delineatethe best modality but none of them proved to be conclusive. The aim of the present study was to prove the efficacy of cheapest possible interventional modality autologous blood for treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis. Twenty five patients of Tennis elbow were included in this study who have attended the OPD of GSVM Medical College and associated LLR Hospital, Kanpur from November 2007 to April 2008 and fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. 78% were females, mostly housewivesinvolved in regular household activities. All the patients were infiltratedautologous blood with local anaesthetic infiltration. Patients were deprivedof regular activities for 3 weeks after infiltration. Follow up was done atweekly interval for 2 weeks and then at 6th week and 12th week. Assessment was done using Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS) and Verhaar etal scoring system. Total follow up period was 3 months. We observed thatthe mean VAS score improved from preinfiltrative 6.40±1.22 to 0.48±1.53with p value being < .001. 64% patients showed excellent results and 32%showed good results as per Verhaar et al scoring system on 12 weeksfollow up. One patient did not respond to this procedure and showed poorresult as per Verhaar et al score. Therefore, autologous blood infiltration isa safe and effective modality in treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis.KEY WORDS: Lateral epicondylitis; Autologous blood infiltratio