Assessment of hazard erosion with USLE and gis to implement with legal algorithms from SPRING

O objetivo principal deste artigo é implementar, através da Programação em LEGAL do Aplicativo SPRING/INPE, a Equação Universal de Perdas de Solos (USLE), para avaliar o risco de processos erosivos na bacia hidrográfica do Arroio Rio Pardinho (usando-se o Arroio Marcondes como área experimental). A USLE avalia quatro parâmetros básicos, como a topografia do terreno, a erosividade das chuvas, a erodibilidade dos solos e os fatores de uso e manejo da terra. Com este artigo, pretende-se implementar estudos de gerenciamento de recursos hídricos em bacias na região sul do Brasil, como previsto pelo Fundo Setorial de Recursos Hídricos. Uma das áreas prioritárias é de Uso e Conservação dos Solos e Sistemas Hídricos, em que os principais problemas referem-se a erosão e compactação do solo, perda de cobertura natural e reflorestamentos inadequados. Com isso, objetiva-se subsidiar o desenvolvimento de práticas conservacionistas e preservação dos recursos hídricos das bacias hidrográficas.The principal objective of this article is to implement, with LEGAL algorithm from the Software SPRING/INPE, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), to predict and determine the assessment of erosion hazard in Arroio Grande watershed. The USLE are available from four parameters, as the topography, the rain erosivity, the soil erodibility and the land use and cover management. With this article, it intends to implement managing studies of water resources in watershed at South Brazil, as the Fundo Setorial de Recursos Hídricos. One of priority area is Land Use and Soil Conservation, and any problems refer the soil erosion and sedimentation, loss of natural covering and inadequate reforestations. With that, it’s aimed at to develop conservationist and preservation practices from the water resources at watersheds. With that, the program tries to provide the development of conservationist practices and the prevention of the water sources at watersheds

Lógica Fuzzy e Zoneamento ambiental da Bacia do Arroio Grande

Arroio Grande Watershed is located in Rio Grande do Sul and the objective from this paper was to elaborate a proposal of environmental zonning, starting from a process of environmental variables regionalization, with techniques of Fuzzy Sets. With the establishment of the importance factors (geology, slope, soils and land use and cover), a numeric raster was generated in a continuous space, which varies among [0... 1], or, it varies from 0 to 100%. Inside of this perspective, the watershed was classified in 5 classes of environmental risk, varying from areas with low susceptibility, moderate susceptibility and areas with high susceptibility, through which it can establish down some measured of environmental protection and implement studies of water resources management in watershed, as premised by the Fundo Setorial de Recursos Hídricos

Modelagem ambiental e dinâmica de uso e cobertura da terra na Bacia do Arroio Grande

This paper had the objective to transform a GIS into a realistic system of the time-space processes to analyze the risks of environmental hazards of the Arroio Grande watershed. This study fits in the activities predicted by the Fundo Setorial de Recursos Hídricos (CT Hidro), through the managing of the hydric resources in South Brazil. One area establish by CT Hidro is the land use and cover changing and soil conservation at water systems where the main problems are the soil erosion and soil compaction, loses of the natural cover and improper reforestation. With that, the program tries to provide the development of conservationist practices and the prevention of the water sources at watersheds

Refolding by High Pressure of a Toxin Containing Seven Disulfide Bonds: Bothropstoxin-1 from Bothrops jararacussu

Aggregation is a serious obstacle for recovery of biologically active heterologous proteins from inclusion bodies (IBs) produced by recombinant bacteria. E. coli transformed with a vector containing the cDNA for Bothropstoxin-1 (BthTx-1) expressed the recombinant product as IBs. In order to obtain the native toxin, insoluble and aggregated protein was refolded using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). IBs were dissolved and refolded (2 kbar, 16 h), and the effects of protein concentration, as well as changes in ratio and concentration of oxido-shuffling reagents, guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl), and pH in the refolding buffer, were assayed. A 32% yield (7.6 mg per liter of bacterial culture) in refolding of the native BthTx-1 was obtained using optimal conditions of the refolding buffer (Tris–HCl buffer, pH 7.5, containing 3 mM of a 2:3 ratio of GSH/GSSG, and 1 M GdnHCl). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that that disaggregation of part of IBs particles occurred upon compression and that the morphology of the remaining IBs, spherical particles, was not substantially altered. Dose-dependent cytotoxic activity of high-pressure refolded BthTx-1 was shown in C2C12 muscle cells