Investigation of tokamak solid divertor target options

Exam paper (Special) for second semester 2016 : B.Ed. (Senior and FET Phase

Water erosion and supply of material for fluvial transport under episodic surface flow conditions in the semi-arid zone on Boa Vista (Cabo Verde)

This paper presents the effects of the natural conditions of the semi-arid zone on the tem-poral and spatial variability of production and supply of material for fluvial transport under conditions of episodic surface flow. Based on measurements of water runoff, concentration of suspension and dissolved material in the course of a one-hour rainfall, it has been determined that the catchments under study have a considerable resistance to the effects of water erosion. Some protection is supplied by the ablation pavement, which reduces rainsplash and slopewash and prevents flow concentration. Consid-erably more erosion has been noted on unpaved roads concentrating water flow even on plateaux and gently inclined slopes. Obviously the potential for leaching rock material in short-duration flow is limited. Large proportions of the dissolved material carried away from the catchments are salts of marine and aeolian provenance. The high intensity of erosional processes in the early phase of runoff is evidence of the role of physical weathering between rainfalls, which supplies the material for fluvial transport

Record of fluvial and biogenic sedimentation processes in sediments of the Lower Vistula Valley floor

W artykule przedstawiono przegląd osadów powodziowych i biogenicznych zdeponowanych w dnie Doliny Dolnej Wisły od okolic Górska, w środkowej części Kotliny Toruńskiej, po okolice Grudziądza. Omówiono piaszczyste osady powodziowe, osady basenów popowodziowych i mineralne osady jeziorzysk dolinnych. Dokonano analizy podstawowych własności utworów biogenicznych i ich interpretacji genetycznej. Omówiono też wyniki badań nad rekonstrukcją układu koryta Wisły w ciągu ostatnich 200 lat w Kotlinie Grudziądzkiej i Basenie Unisławskim oraz problem powolnego zamulania starorzeczy powstałych przed regulacją i po regulacji hydrotechnicznej w końcu XIX w. Wyjaśniono kwestię gradientu zawartości węglanowej materii rozpuszczonej w dnie doliny i jego wpływ na sedymentację osadów. Zwrócono uwagę na podobieństwa i różnice w transporcie materii rozpuszczonej i zawieszonej między korytem Wisły i starorzeczami na przykładzie starorzecza Starej Wisły i koryta Wisły w Bratwinie.The paper is a review of flood and biogenic sediments which have been deposited on the Lower Vistula Valley floor from the vicinity of Górsk to Grudziądz town. Sandy flood sediments, flood basin sediments and mineral infillings of former back swamps are described. Biogenic sediments are also discussed and genetically interpreted. The results of the Vistula channel reconstruction in Grudziądz Basin and Unisław Basin in the last 200 years are also presented. The reconstruction is strongly linked with the problem of relatively slow siltation of oxbows after the hydrotechnical regulation at the end of XIX-th century. The question of the carbonates gradient in floodplain sediments is also explained. The differences and similarities of the dissolved and suspended matter transport between the main channel and fluvial lake is shown on the example of the oxbow lake and Vistula river channel in Bratwin