企業管理技能の国際移転に関する経済分析

公共政策プログラム / Public Policy Program政策研究大学院大学 / National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies論文審査委員: 大野 健一（主査）, 大山 達雄, 園部 哲史, Moges Abu Girma（筑波大学

Drivers of Quality Problems in the Leather Sector Value Chain in Ethiopia

Ethiopia prioritizes the leather sector. However, the sector has underperformed relative to targets and Ethiopia’s potential. It has been long recognized that the major problem is the quality of raw hides and skins in the Ethiopian leather sector value chain. However, there has been little evidence how and why quality leakages happen along the leather sector value chain. Our thorough analysis of the leather sector value chain shows that the quality problems are caused by structural problems (at the breeding and post-breeding stages), disconnect between quality and price (i.e., price does not signal quality), lack of efficient marketing, transportation and storage systems, and lack of better tanning technologies

Alleviating the Barriers to Domestic Investment in Addis Ababa: Underlying Causes and Proposed Solutions

While Addis Ababa is rapidly urbanizing, productive job creation remains to be a key challenge. The root cause of this has been the lack of structural transformation towards industries with higher potential for growth and job creation. In response, the government of Ethiopia and the Addis Ababa city government in particular through their Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP2) target the industrial sector to enhance structural transformation and create more productive jobs in Ethiopia’s cities. Despite the priority and importance accorded to the industrial sector and efforts to improve the investment environment, quite a few domestic investors go beyond the licensing stage to start production. A recent World Bank report on the investment climate in Addis Ababa shows that only about 5% of domestic firms that receive investment licenses are able to convert from the pre-operational to the operational phase of investment to establish their businesses. This is also consistent with government reports. By any standard, this is one of the lowest investment conversion rates, and hence is quite concerning. So, the key question is: why 95% of investors were not able to move beyond the licensing stage to start operating? We tried to tackle this using qualitative/semi-structured firm level research among the firms who received an investment license but are stuck or discouraged

Alleviating the Barriers to Domestic Investment in Addis Ababa: Underlying Causes and Proposed Solutions

While Addis Ababa is rapidly urbanizing, productive job creation remains to be a key challenge. The root cause of this has been the lack of structural transformation towards industries with higher potential for growth and job creation. In response, the government of Ethiopia and the Addis Ababa city government in particular through their Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP2) target the industrial sector to enhance structural transformation and create more productive jobs in Ethiopia’s cities. Despite the priority and importance accorded to the industrial sector and efforts to improve the investment environment, quite a few domestic investors go beyond the licensing stage to start production. A recent World Bank report on the investment climate in Addis Ababa shows that only about 5% of domestic firms that receive investment licenses are able to convert from the pre-operational to the operational phase of investment to establish their businesses. This is also consistent with government reports. By any standard, this is one of the lowest investment conversion rates, and hence is quite concerning. So, the key question is: why 95% of investors were not able to move beyond the licensing stage to start operating? We tried to tackle this using qualitative/semi-structured firm level research among the firms who received an investment license but are stuck or discouraged

Characteristics of Climate Change Risk, Vulnerability and Adaptation in Cotton and Sugarcane Producing Regions of Ethiopia

Climate change is a global concern mainly due to its effect on two parameters that affect the ecological setup particularly agriculture – increase in the average temperature and rainfall variability. Even though the agriculture sector as a whole is vulnerable to climate hazards including flood and drought, climate change poses a particular threat to certain agricultural commodities and social groups, due to difference in agro-ecology and heterogeneity in non – climate change drivers of vulnerability. This context specific nature of the impact of climate change calls for the need to identify adaptation options to build a climate resilient production of particular agricultural commodities and vulnerable groups. In addition to coffee, the Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI) strategy and the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) clearly stipulate that sugar and textile are strategic export commodities in the industrial development strategy of Ethiopia. They are labour intensive, have broad linkages with the rest of the economy, use agricultural products as inputs, are export-oriented and import substituting, and contribute to rapid technological transfer. They are strategic commodities because they are crucial in transforming the country’s economy from the agriculture – led into industry - led economy within the GTP period of 2011 - 2015

Industrial Policy and Structural Transformation in Ethiopia

Motivation: Since the launch of the first Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP 2010-2015), followed by the second GTP (2015-2020), Ethiopia has moved towards a more active industrial policy aimed at both economic growth and structural transformation. Ethiopia's impressive economic growth has received a great deal of attention, but little attention has focused on whether strong economic growth has translated into structural transformation.Purpose: The paper analyses structural transformation in Ethiopia at three levels: at the sectoral level, within the industrial sector, and within the manufacturing sector. The paper also identifies the main constraints to structural transformation in Ethiopia and possible lessons for other comparable countries with industrial policies to enhance structural transformation.Approach and Methods: Our approach adopts a broad conceptualization of structural transformation focusing on four dimensions of structural transformation - value added, labour productivity, employment, and exports - across sectors, within sectors, and within subsectors, using secondary data from national and international sources. Findings: Several key points emerge from our findings: first, despite strong economic growth over the last decade and a half, Ethiopia still faces high unemployment, poverty, and macroeconomic imbalances, suggesting that growth has not been accompanied by structural transformation. Second, not only has the pace of structural transformation been limited, but the limited structural transformation that the country has experienced has been towards services rather than manufacturing. Third, manufacturing exports remained weak in terms of both export intensity and diversification. Fourth, there are large productivity differentials within and across sectors, suggesting a large potential for structural transformation if the constraints to structural transformation are adequately addressed. Policy implications: Unless economic growth is accompanied by robust structural transformation, poverty persists as a significant percentage of the population may remain employed in low-productivity sectors. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and remedy the key constraints to structural transformation

Industrial Policy and Structural Transformation in Ethiopia

Motivation: Since the launch of the first Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP 2010-2015), followed by the second GTP (2015-2020), Ethiopia has moved towards a more active industrial policy aimed at both economic growth and structural transformation. Ethiopia's impressive economic growth has received a great deal of attention, but little attention has focused on whether strong economic growth has translated into structural transformation.Purpose: The paper analyses structural transformation in Ethiopia at three levels: at the sectoral level, within the industrial sector, and within the manufacturing sector. The paper also identifies the main constraints to structural transformation in Ethiopia and possible lessons for other comparable countries with industrial policies to enhance structural transformation.Approach and Methods: Our approach adopts a broad conceptualization of structural transformation focusing on four dimensions of structural transformation - value added, labour productivity, employment, and exports - across sectors, within sectors, and within subsectors, using secondary data from national and international sources. Findings: Several key points emerge from our findings: first, despite strong economic growth over the last decade and a half, Ethiopia still faces high unemployment, poverty, and macroeconomic imbalances, suggesting that growth has not been accompanied by structural transformation. Second, not only has the pace of structural transformation been limited, but the limited structural transformation that the country has experienced has been towards services rather than manufacturing. Third, manufacturing exports remained weak in terms of both export intensity and diversification. Fourth, there are large productivity differentials within and across sectors, suggesting a large potential for structural transformation if the constraints to structural transformation are adequately addressed. Policy implications: Unless economic growth is accompanied by robust structural transformation, poverty persists as a significant percentage of the population may remain employed in low-productivity sectors. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and remedy the key constraints to structural transformation

Begründung und Optimierung eines Dünnschichtmodells zur Prognose optischer Eigenschaften oxidischer Beschichtungen durch in-situ Überwachung des Aufdampfprozesses.

Ein Dünnschichtmodell zur Prognose optischer Eigenschaften oxidischer Beschichtungen wurde entwickelt. Dies dient zur Simulation von Beschichtungsprozessen unter Berücksichtigung prozesstypischer Abscheidefehler. In Betracht gezogen werden dabei Schwankungen in der Schichtdicke und den optischen Konstanten für jede virtuell abzuscheidende Schicht, wobei eine Stategie entwickelt wurde, die Eingangsdaten für die Simulation experimentell zu ermitteln. Der Vergleich mit durchgeführten Beschichtungsprozessen dient zur Verifikation der Simulation

Chinese Investment in Ethiopia: Contribution, Challenges, Opportunities and Policy Recommendations

Recognizing the immense potential for greater Chinese investment promotion and its contribution to Ethiopia’s industrialization and acknowledging the gaps, this paper aims to conduct a rigorous research through analysis of secondary sources and qualitative survey of Chinese enterprise doing business in Ethiopia in various sectors. In this regard, the key policy questions that this study tries to answer are ‘the involvement in and the contribution to Ethiopia’s industrialization and the challenges and opportunities they face. Hence, the overall objective of this research will be to (i) assess the trends in Chinese enterprises involvement in Ethiopia’s industrialization for the last decade, (ii) inform both the Chinese government and Ethiopian government on key business barriers and market failures that are constraining Chinese business entry and growth in Ethiopia; (iii) investigate the immense untapped investment potential from China that can be attracted and opportunities that Ethiopia could offer to Chinese investors; and (iv) propose policy options on how to address the challenges and thereby maximize the opportunities to enhance Chinese investment towards Ethiopia’s industrialization