Public expenditure and deficit in Spain (1958-2014)

La formulación de dos ecuaciones diferentes confirma la influencia del déficit en el crecimiento del gasto público en el período 1958-2014. El trabajo aporta dos novedades al análisis de los determinantes del gasto público en España: por una parte, se extiende considerablemente el período objeto de estudio; por otra, se usa el análisis de raíces unitarias y cointegración con puntos de ruptura, que no ha sido utilizado anteriormente en este caso.El propósito de este trabajo es analizar un modelo reducido de determinantes del crecimiento del gasto público desde el lado de la demanda. El modelo está basado en la hipótesis de Buchanan y Wagner pero se han añadido diversas variables que se consideran determinantes de demanda del gasto público. The objective of this study is to analyze a reduced model of the determinants of public spending growth from a demand side perspective. The model is based on the Buchanan and Wagner hypothesis but incorporates several other variables considered as determinants of public spending growth as well. The formulation of two different equations confirmed the influence of deficit on public spending growth during the period 1958-2014. This work provides two contributions to the analysis of public spending determinants in Spain. Firstly, the study period is considerably longer than that of others, and, secondly, unit root and cointegration analysis are used with breakpoints, which, to our knowledge, have not been previously utilized.O propósito deste trabalho é analisar um modelo reduzido de determinantes do crescimento do gasto público desde o lado da demanda. O modelo está baseado na hipótese Buchanan e Wagner mas se há adicionado diversas variáveis que se consideram determinantes de demanda do gasto público. A formulação de duas equações diferentes confirma a influência do déficit no crescimento do gasto público no período 1958-2014. O trabalho aporta duas novidades à análise dos determinantes do gasto público na Espanha. Por uma parte se estende consideravelmente o período objeto de estudo. Por outra se usa a análise de raízes unitárias e co-integração com pontos de ruptura que não há sido utilizado anteriormente neste caso

Stretchable electronics for artificial skin

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Enactivism, action and normativity: a Wittgensteinian analysis

In this paper, we offer a criticism, inspired by Wittgenstein’s rule-following considerations, of the enactivist account of perception and action. We start by setting up a non-descriptivist naturalism regarding the mind and continue by defining enactivism and exploring its more attractive theoretical features. We then proceed to analyse its proposal to understand normativity non-socially. We argue that such a thesis is ultimately committed to the problematic idea that normative practices can be understood as private and factual. Finally, we offer a characterization of normativity as an essentially social phenomenon and apply our criticisms to other approaches that share commitments with enactivism

Governance : an international perspective [book review].

Governance: An International Perspective is a two-volume collection of articles published in academic journals, and is part of a series called ‘Corporate Governance in the New Economy’, comprising seven other books about several aspects of governance: Auditing, Ownership, Life Cycle of Corporate Governance, Political and Legal Perspectives of Corporate Governance, Governance & Expropriation, Governance in the Public Sector, and Directors & Boards. As other collections of articles, the book is oriented mainly towards academics, although it could also be of interest to students of accounting, finance, business or economics, and also to practitionersGovernance;