Effect of Segmental Expansion Exercises on Pulmonary Function in Patients with Upper Abdominal Surgery- A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Following upper abdominal surgeries, restricted pulmonary function and limited chest expansion often occur due to incisions near the diaphragm. This study aimed to assess the influence of segmental expansion exercises on pulmonary function among individuals recovering from upper abdominal surgery. Method: The study involved 88 patients who underwent elective upper abdominal surgery, randomized into two groups. Over a five-day postoperative period, Group A received standard physiotherapy, including diaphragmatic exercises, splinted huffing/coughing, and ambulation. In contrast, Group B received routine physiotherapy along with segmental expansion exercises. The study evaluated pulmonary function through measurements of forced vital capacity, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, Peak Expiratory Flow, and chest expansion. Results: Following the five-day intervention period, significant differences in pulmonary function and chest expansion measurements were observed between the intervention group and the control group. Although no significant disparities were detected between the groups in terms of pulmonary function test results, a noteworthy statistical significance was found in chest expansion measurements (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Segmental expansion exercises administered as part of postoperative care for upper abdominal surgery patients have led to significant improvements in pulmonary function and chest expansion

Vertebral arteries bilaterally passing through stellate (cervicothoracic) ganglion

Vertebral artery is a branch of the first part of subclavian artery. Vertebral artery arising from the aortic arch most commonly presents on the left side. The cervical part of sympathetic trunk is closely related to the vertebral artery in the cervical region. Though lots of variations regarding anomalous origin, course of vertebral artery is reported in the literature, here we present a rare anomaly in which vertebral artery after originating from aortic arch is passing through stellate ganglia and it enters into the transverse foramina of higher cervical vertebra (C5). Such variation should be kept in mind by anaesthetist during stellate ganglion block in order to relieve intractable pain in central nervous system lesion. Surgeons should keep this anomaly in mind during cervical spine surgery otherwise vertebral artery may get injured leading to haemorrhage

Chemoselective C-benzoylation of phenols by using AlCl3 under solvent-free conditions

Substituted phenols were chemo-selectively reacted with benzoylchloride in presence of aluminum chloride under solvent-free condition to afford the corresponding 2'-hydroxy aryl benzophenones in excellent yields (72-96%). Naphthol benzoylation resulted in lower yields as compared to phenols. Both reactions completed in 5-10 min with quantitative yields providing excellent control over regioselectivity of products. KEY WORDS: Chemoselective C-acylation, F-C reaction, Fries rearrangement Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2015, 29(2), 319-325DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v29i2.1

A convenient method for lactonization of α-allyl esters using iodine in dimethyl- sulphoxide

A simple method for the synthesis of α-γ-disubstituted-γ-butyrolactones by cyclization of α-allyl esters using iodine in dimethylsulphoxide is reported. This method is efficient and operationally simple in comparison to methods using transition metal complexes. KEY WORDS: γ-Butyrolactones, α-Allyl esters, Iodine, Dimethyl sulphoxide Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2014, 28(3), 469-473.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v28i3.1

A Novel Method for Graphical Password Mechanism

For the verification of authorized users in computer systems, various text based or biometrics methods are used. But these methods have some drawbacks. It is difficult to remember and recall the textual i.e. alphanumeric passwords. To avoid this drawback users prefer to create effortless, short, easy and insecure passwords which are easily guessable by hacker and this makes the system more vulnerable to attacks. On other hand, verification mechanisms based on biometrics offers security to a good extents. But they are quite luxurious for implementation. Cost becomes a key factor in the case of biometrics. Also any injury to the body part used in biometric authorization results in denial of access or performance issues. Graphical password provides another way by providing passwords that are more protected and unforgettable in a reasonable price. In this system, user clicks on images instead of typing passwords for accessing the system. This paper describes and examines usability and security of graphical password mechanism for authentication using graphical passwords. Proposed system describes characteristics for security and performed empirical study comparing Graphical password mechanism with Biometric passwords and alphanumeric password. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15013