54 research outputs found
A protocol for annotation of total body photography for machine learning to analyze skin phenotype and lesion classification
IntroductionArtificial Intelligence (AI) has proven effective in classifying skin cancers using dermoscopy images. In experimental settings, algorithms have outperformed expert dermatologists in classifying melanoma and keratinocyte cancers. However, clinical application is limited when algorithms are presented with âuntrainedâ or out-of-distribution lesion categories, often misclassifying benign lesions as malignant, or misclassifying malignant lesions as benign. Another limitation often raised is the lack of clinical context (e.g., medical history) used as input for the AI decision process. The increasing use of Total Body Photography (TBP) in clinical examinations presents new opportunities for AI to perform holistic analysis of the whole patient, rather than a single lesion. Currently there is a lack of existing literature or standards for image annotation of TBP, or on preserving patient privacy during the machine learning process.MethodsThis protocol describes the methods for the acquisition of patient data, including TBP, medical history, and genetic risk factors, to create a comprehensive dataset for machine learning. 500 patients of various risk profiles will be recruited from two clinical sites (Australia and Spain), to undergo temporal total body imaging, complete surveys on sun behaviors and medical history, and provide a DNA sample. This patient-level metadata is applied to image datasets using DICOM labels. Anonymization and masking methods are applied to preserve patient privacy. A two-step annotation process is followed to label skin images for lesion detection and classification using deep learning models. Skin phenotype characteristics are extracted from images, including innate and facultative skin color, nevi distribution, and UV damage. Several algorithms will be developed relating to skin lesion detection, segmentation and classification, 3D mapping, change detection, and risk profiling. Simultaneously, explainable AI (XAI) methods will be incorporated to foster clinician and patient trust. Additionally, a publicly released dataset of anonymized annotated TBP images will be released for an international challenge to advance the development of new algorithms using this type of data.ConclusionThe anticipated results from this protocol are validated AI-based tools to provide holistic risk assessment for individual lesions, and risk stratification of patients to assist clinicians in monitoring for skin cancer
Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries
Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely
Ceux qui se préparent. Faire face à la « rupture de la normalité » dans le monde de la survie en France
Cette prĂ©sentation vise Ă rĂ©sumer les grands rĂ©sultats du mĂ©moire de recherche, portant le mĂȘme titre, s'intĂ©ressant au survivalisme comme maniĂšre de reprendre prise face aux incertitudes. AprĂšs une partie historique sur les diffĂ©rentes gĂ©nĂ©alogies du survivalisme en France, la dĂ©monstration s'appuie sur une ethnographie en ligne des rĂ©seaux survivalistes pour rendre compte des logiques qui permettent de crĂ©er du commun malgrĂ© la pluralitĂ© des maniĂšres de concevoir la survie et sa dimension essentiellement individuelle. Enfin, la derniĂšre, sur la base d'entretiens avec des personnes qui se prĂ©parent, s'interroge sur les diffĂ©rents styles de prĂ©paration, la logique qui les relie, ainsi que sur ce qu'ils ouvrent comme critiques et nouvelles maniĂšres de vivre
De l'effondrement aux ruptures de la normalité. Le continuum des préparations survivalistes en France.
Partant du paradoxe entre un regard politico-mĂ©diatique qui tend Ă unifier le survivalisme comme mouvement dĂ©viant de prĂ©paration Ă un effondrement civilisationnel, et la dynamique de dĂ©mocratisation de la pratique de la survie, cet article vise Ă poser les bases dâune analyse comprĂ©hensive du survivalisme en France. LâenquĂȘte repart des personnes qui se prĂ©parent et de leurs pratiques pour identifier ce qui les lie, mais Ă©galement la pluralitĂ© des logiques de prĂ©parations. Se donnent Ă voir des styles de prĂ©parations spĂ©cifiques, qui tendent Ă sâhybrider, et qui cherchent Ă maintenir des ordres perçus comme menacĂ©s. Lâarticle renseigne Ă©galement, en miroir, la multiplication des processus de fragilisation et le dĂ©ploiement dâune logique dâindividualisation des rĂ©ponses face aux risques
Les effondrements du quotidien : Penser les pratiques survivalistes en France
Alors que le thĂšme de lâeffondrement tend Ă sâimposer chez une frange de la critique Ă©cologiste, des formes de rĂ©ponses tant collectives quâindividuelles Ă cette menace se mettent en place et cherchent Ă se dĂ©faire des liens avec une structure politico-Ă©conomique qui leur semble se dĂ©liter. Cette prĂ©sentation sâintĂ©resse alors au survivalisme comme Ă©tant lâune des maniĂšres de reprendre prise face Ă des incertitudes qui dĂ©passent le seul cadre de la catastrophe globale et se rĂ©ancrent dans un quotidien, une « normalitĂ© », qui est perçue comme menacĂ©e. En tentant dâabord de dĂ©finir cet ensemble hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne aux expressions plurielles, Ă rebours des approches normatives et essentialisantes, lâattention aux pratiques de prĂ©paration ainsi quâaux modes dâĂ©changes et de (dĂ©)politisation permet de rendre compte des tensions qui parcourent le monde de la survie en France et des logiques qui le structurent. MalgrĂ© une mise en commun des fragilitĂ©s individuelles, lâĂ©vitement du politique Ă lâoeuvre empĂȘche alors le dĂ©ploiement dâun registre contestataire, revendicatif ou encore la construction collective dâun projet de sociĂ©tĂ© alternatif, conduisant Ă une relocalisation des solutions. LâimpĂ©ratif de responsabilisation au coeur des prĂ©parations implique aussi de replacer ces pratiques dans une dynamique plus large dâindividualisation des risques
Survivalisme : se préparer aux temps troublés
Ă lâencontre d'une vision caricaturale du survivalisme, le rĂ©duisant Ă une idĂ©ologie dangereuse animĂ©e par le fantasme dâun futur apocalyptique auquel il faudrait se prĂ©parer par tous les moyens disponibles, ce billet de blog propose dâexplorer les diffĂ©rents rapports au passĂ©, au prĂ©sent et au futur en jeu dans les prĂ©parations survivalistes
Faut-il soutenir les Gilets jaunes ? Le rĂŽle des positions de classe dans le mouvement climat
This article proposes to analyze the judgement of climate movement activists on the Yellow vests based on the results of questionnaire surveys carried out by the QuantitĂ© critique collective. It highlights the fact that the perception of the Yellow vests is structured by age and social class. The often positive judgments of minorities from working-class groups, and those of civil servants from education and culture, are opposed to the indifference and hostility of engineers and technicians from the private sector. The article also shows that these social divisions tend to be blurred within the most mobilized groups of protesters in the environmental movement.Lâarticle propose dâanalyser le jugement des militants du mouvement pour le climat sur les Gilets jaunes Ă partir des rĂ©sultats des enquĂȘtes par questionnaire menĂ©es par le collectif QuantitĂ© critique. Il met en Ă©vidence le fait que le regard sur les Gilets jaunes est structurĂ© par lâĂąge et la classe sociale. Les jugements souvent positifs des minoritĂ©s issues des groupes populaires, et ceux des fonctionnaires de lâĂ©ducation et de la culture, sâopposent Ă lâindiffĂ©rence et lâhostilitĂ© des ingĂ©nieurs et techniciens du privĂ©. Lâarticle dĂ©montre Ă©galement que ces divisions sociales tendent Ă sâestomper au sein des groupes de manifestants les plus mobilisĂ©s dans le mouvement Ă©cologiste
Faut-il soutenir les Gilets jaunes ? Le rĂŽle des positions de classe dans le mouvement climat
This article proposes to analyze the judgement of climate movement activists on the Yellow vests based on the results of questionnaire surveys carried out by the QuantitĂ© critique collective. It highlights the fact that the perception of the Yellow vests is structured by age and social class. The often positive judgments of minorities from working-class groups, and those of civil servants from education and culture, are opposed to the indifference and hostility of engineers and technicians from the private sector. The article also shows that these social divisions tend to be blurred within the most mobilized groups of protesters in the environmental movement.Lâarticle propose dâanalyser le jugement des militants du mouvement pour le climat sur les Gilets jaunes Ă partir des rĂ©sultats des enquĂȘtes par questionnaire menĂ©es par le collectif QuantitĂ© critique. Il met en Ă©vidence le fait que le regard sur les Gilets jaunes est structurĂ© par lâĂąge et la classe sociale. Les jugements souvent positifs des minoritĂ©s issues des groupes populaires, et ceux des fonctionnaires de lâĂ©ducation et de la culture, sâopposent Ă lâindiffĂ©rence et lâhostilitĂ© des ingĂ©nieurs et techniciens du privĂ©. Lâarticle dĂ©montre Ă©galement que ces divisions sociales tendent Ă sâestomper au sein des groupes de manifestants les plus mobilisĂ©s dans le mouvement Ă©cologiste
From Yellow Vest Street Protest to City Council. When Movements Run for Office
What happen to the YV when facing the electoral dilemma? Despite their rejection of political institutions, the French municipal elections of 2020 led some of the participants to embrace conventional politics. Under which circumstances can a social movement lead to political participation and eventually obtain electoral success? Relying on quantitative and qualitative data, this article provides an explanation of the electoral participation of social movement activists and the different outcomes of local elections in Bordeaux, one of the major sites of Yellow Vestsâ mobilization in 2018-2019. The article contends that far from allowing marginalized groups to enter the political arena, these elections seem to confirm the âiron law of oligarchyâ. Two lists of candidates both claiming to be part of the Yellow Vest movement competed with each other. While âBordeaux Democracyâ rejected partisan support failed to stand, âBordeaux in Struggleâ could rely on organizational support and was able to maintain itself and achieved unexpected electoral success with three local councillors.Les Gilets jaunes : approches pluridisciplinaires des mobilisations et politisations populaire
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