High-Resolution and Animal Imaging Instrumentation and Techniques

During the last decade we have observed a growing interest in “in vivo” imaging techniques for small animals. This is due to the necessity of studying biochemical processes at a molecular level for pharmacology, genetic, and pathology investigations. This field of research is usually called “molecular imaging.”Advances in biological understanding have been accompanied by technological advances in instrumentation and techniques and image-reconstruction software, resulting in improved image quality, visibility, and interpretation. The main technological challenge is then the design of systems with high spatial resolution and high sensitivity. This chapter gives a short overview of the state-of-the-art technologies for high-resolution and high-sensitivity molecular imaging techniques, namely, positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) as well as the basics of small-animal x-ray computed tomography (CT). Multimodality techniques merging molecular information with anatomical details are also introduced. Finally, the new trends in detector technology for other high-resolution applications like breast cancer investigation are presented